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I have read some medical books and understood a little, but I couldn't distinguish (the theory of medicine).
“解而未能别”意即“虽然能理解一点,但对其原理却不能辨别”。所以译文将有关内容增附其后,以使意义完整。
3. 更
在古汉语中,“更”除了作程度副词外,述用作动词,意思是 "更改”、“变更”。作程度副词时,意即“再”、“又”、“尤其”等, 例如:
(1)或以肠胃为藏,或以为府,敢问更相反,(《素问•五藏别论》)
这里的“府”为“腑”的假借字
译文:Some people regard the intestines and the stomach as Zang organs, Some regard them as Fu organs. Could I learn of some other more different explanations?
“敢问更相反”意即“我想请教一下更加相反的解释”。译文将其译作疑问句,行文更显自然。
(2)更以他草度去半已。 (《素问•血气形志》)
“更”在这里的意思是“又”(again)。
译文:Use another piece of grass to find the middle point of the broken piece of grass.
在这个译文中,“更”之意融于another—词之中,所以没有单独译出。
在中医典籍中,“更”用得最多的是表示行为动作的更替、交换,意即“交替地”、“相继地”这时“更”读作geng。例如:
① 四时之气,更伤五藏。(《素问•生气通天论》)
译文:The abnormal climatic changes of the four seasons alternately affect the five Zang organs.
“四时之气”指“四时不正之气”,所以译作abnormal climatic changes of the four seasons (即四时气候的不正常变化)。
②此阴阳更胜之变,病之形能也。(《素问•阴阳应象大论》)
“阴阳更胜”意即“阴阳交替相克”。
译文:These are the changes and pathogenic conditions induced by the alternate restriction between yin and yang.
③ 寒热交替来到。(《素问•至真要大论》)
译文:Coldness and heat occur alternately.
④五行者,金木水火土也,更贵更贱,以知死生,以决成败。 (《素问•藏气法时论》)
“更贵更贱”指“交替出现旺衰生克”。
译文:Wuxing (or the Five Elements) is composed of metal, wood,water,fire and earth,the overpowering and the submision of another among them decides life and death, development and inhibition.
“成败”实际与前面的“死生”在文法上有复用之举。为照顾经典著作的行文,这里将其浅化地译作development and inhibition (发展与抑制)。若直译作success and failure,与全句的意思似不十分贯通。
4.再、复
古汉语中“再”和“复”都可以表示行为动作的重复出现,它们的意思与现代汉语有较大区别。现分别作以介绍。