国有企业人事制度不断健全完善。按照现代企业制度要求，国有企业推进规范董事会的建设，为企业持续快速健康发展提供了体制保障。建立健全企业经营管理人才选拔任用、业绩考核、激励监督等管理制度。建立市场机制调节、企业自主分配、职工民主参与、政府监控指导的工资分配制度，促进了企业的发展和职工工资水平的提高。注重发挥市场配置人才的基础性作用，初步建立起市场化选人用人机制，2003年至2009年通过公开招聘、竞争上岗等方式选聘的经营管理人才，从33.4万人增加到52.1万人。

　　建立国家荣誉和表彰奖励制度

　　中国政府坚持精神奖励与物质奖励相结合、以精神奖励为主的原则，建立健全国家荣誉和奖励制度。

Personnel system of state-owned enterprises has been improved. In line with the requirements of the modern corporate system, state-owned enterprises have started to form standard boards of directors, providing an institutional guarantee for the sustained, rapid and healthy develop-ment of these enterprises. They have established and improved systems concerning the selection and appointment, performance assessment, and incentives and supervision of managerial and administrative per-sonnel. They have put in place a wage system with regulation by the market, distribution independently by enterprises, democratic partici-pation of employees, and supervision and guidance by the government, thus promoting the development of enterprises and enhancing em-ployees’ wages. As a result, the basic role of the market in allocating human resources has been brought into full play, and a mechanism of personnel selection and appointment by the market has been estab-lished. From 2003 to 2009 the number of managerial and administra-tive personnel employed by way of open recruitment and competition for positions increased from 334,000 to 521,000.

Establishing a national system of honors and rewards

The Chinese government adheres to the principle of combining morale boosting with material reward, with the focus on the former, and has therefore set up a national system of honors and rewards which is being constantly improved.

　　国家设立“全国劳动模范”和“全国先进工作者”荣誉称号，授予在国家建设事业中作出重大贡献的劳动者。1989年以来，中国政府一般每五年召开一次全国劳动模范和先进工作者表彰大会，对全国各行各业涌现出的先进人物予以表彰，其中授予工人、农民、企业管理人员等“全国劳动模范”荣誉称号，授予机关事业单位工作人员“全国先进工作者”荣誉称号。截至目前共表彰“全国劳动模范”和“全国先进工作者”14578人。

　　国家设立科学技术奖，奖励在科学技术工作中作出突出贡献的公民、组织。自2000年以来，共有27772人获得国家科学技术奖。其中有16名杰出科学家获得国家最高科学技术奖。国家设立科学院和工程院院士称号，中国科学院院士和中国工程院院士是国家在科学技术领域和工程科技领域设立的最高学术称号，截至2009年底，共评选产生中国科学院院士1143人、中国工程院院士861人。自1990年起，中国政府实行政府特殊津贴制度，向作出突出贡献的专家、学者、技术人员和高技能人才颁发荣誉证书，发放政府特殊津贴。到2009年，全国共有15.8万人享受政府特殊津贴。建立全国优秀专业技术人才表彰制度，自1999年以来共有200人获得“全国杰出专业技术人才”称号。建立中华技能大奖和全国技术能手评选表彰制度，自1995年以来已有120人荣获“中华技能大奖”称号，2976人荣获“全国技术能手”称号，树立了一批中国高技能人才楷模人物。建立全国农村优秀人才表彰制度，自2000年以来已表彰了160名全国农村优秀人才。

The state awards workers who have made major contributions to national development with the honorary titles of “National Model Worker” and “National Outstanding Worker” — the former for work-ers, farmers and managerial personnel of enterprises, and the latter for personnel of government departments and public institutions. Since 1989 the Chinese government has held a national conference once every five years to award such titles to model and outstanding workers from all walks of life. So far 14,578 people have received one of the titles.

The state honors citizens and organizations making brilliant con-tributions to scientific and technological development with the Science and Technology Award. Since 2000, a total of 27,772 people have won this award, and among them 16 prominent scientists won the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award of China. China has two titles for academicians: One is Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the highest title in the field of science and technology, and the other is Member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the highest title in the field of engineering and technology. By the end of 2009 there were 1,143 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sci-ences and 861 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, all of whom won the title by way of assessment and selection. Since 1990, China also practices a system of special government allowances. The Chinese government has issued certificates of honor to experts, scholars, technicians and highly-skilled personnel who have made bril-liant contributions to their fields. In addition, it gives special govern-ment allowances to these people. By 2009, 158,000 people had received such allowances. In addition, the state has put in place a national sys-tem for rewarding outstanding professionals. Since 1999 a total of 200 people have won the title of “National Outstanding Professional.” Since 1995 a total of 120 people have won the state’s “Grand Skill Award of China” and 2,976 have won “National Technical Expert” award. They are role models of high-skilled workers in China. The government has also established a national system to reward prominent personnel from rural areas, and 160 people have been commended under this system since 2000.