党政机关推行公务员制度。从进入队伍到职务晋升引进竞争机制，普遍推行公开选拔、竞争上岗等竞争性选拔干部方式，促进了优秀人才脱颖而出。2006年至2009年，全国通过考试共录用公务员52.8万余人。2003年至2009年，全国共公开选拔党政领导干部4万人，各级党政机关通过竞争上岗走上领导岗位的干部共33.9万人。在干部选拔任用、考核评价、管理监督等环节充分发扬民主，民主推荐成为干部选拔任用的必经程序，民意调查、民主测评得到广泛运用，干部工作民主化程度进一步提高。干部交流力度不断加大，重点部门、关键岗位领导干部交流形成制度，围绕国家经济社会发展战略和人才战略、地方经济社会发展布局和支柱产业及重大项目的建设，加强了市、县和中央国家机关、省级党政机关之间领导干部的相互交流，从中央国家机关和东部发达地区选拔大批干部到西部地区挂职、任职。2003年至2009年，全国机关干部共交流230.2万人。完善职务任期、退休和辞退、辞职等制度，推进干部能上能下，形成正常的更新交替机制。实行国家统一的职务与级别相结合的公务员工资制度，合理体现了工作职责大小与工资高低的关系。

　　事业单位推行人员聘用制度。通过签订聘用合同，规范单位和职工的人事关系。建立岗位设置、公开招聘、竞争上岗、考核奖罚、辞职辞退等制度，逐步形成权责清晰、分类科学、机制灵活、监管有力的事业单位人事管理制度。截至2009年底，全国事业单位签订聘用合同的人员达到80%。2009年，22个省（区、市）事业单位新进人员中，采用公开招聘方式的占总数80%以上。事业单位实行岗位绩效工资制度，初步建立了与工作人员岗位职责、工作业绩、实际贡献紧密联系和鼓励创新创造的分配激励机制，调动了事业单位各类人力资源的积极性和创造性。

The civil servant system has been implemented in Party and gov-ernment organs. A competitive mechanism, under which open selection, competition for positions and other competitive methods are used for cadre selection from appointment to promotion, has been introduced, and consequently competent cadres and personnel can stand out. From 2006 to 2009 over 528,000 people were recruited as civil servants through examinations. From 2003 to 2009 a total of 40,000 leading cadres of the Party and government were appointed through open selec-tion, and 339,000 Party and government cadres at different levels took leading posts through competition. The principle of democracy is fully applied in the selection and appointment, performance assessment, management and supervision of cadres; democratic recommendation has become a compulsory procedure during the selection and appoint-ment of cadres; public opinion surveys and democratic assessment are widely used; and cadre-related work has become more democratic. Cadre transfer work has been improved and has been institutionalized at key departments and critical posts. Centering on national strategies of economic and social development and strategies of human resources development, local plans for economic and social development, and the construction of pillar industries and major projects, leading Party and government cadres are transferred between cities, counties, provinces and central Party and government departments; and a large group of cadres have been selected from central organs and developed regions in Eastern China and sent to work in the western parts of the country. From 2003 to 2009 a total of 2.302 million cadres were transferred around China. The system regarding cadres’ term of office, retirement, dismissal and resignation has been improved, making it possible for ca-dres to be promoted or demoted, and thus a mechanism for regular re-newal and rotation of cadres has come into being. A wage system for civil servants that combines post and rank has been adopted, rationally showing the relationship between responsibilities and wages.

A personnel employment system has been introduced in public in-stitutions. By means of employment contracts, the relationship between employing units and employees is clearly defined. By institutionalizing post setting, open recruitment, competition for positions, performance assessment and subsequent rewards and punishment, as well as resig-nation and dismissal, it has gradually brought into being a personnel management system for public institutions that has clearly defined rights and responsibilities, scientific classifications, flexible mecha-nisms and effective supervision. By the end of 2009 some 80% of the total staff in public institutions around China had signed employment contracts. In 2009 over 80% of all the new employees in public institu-tions in 22 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government were recruited through open recruitment. Public institutions have put in place a wage system based on post and performance, as well as a payment and incentive mechanism that closely links payment and bonus to responsibilities, performance and contribution, and encourages innovation and creation. These efforts have brought into full play the enthusiasm and creativity of human resources in these institutions.