完善人力资源公共服务

　　逐步增加公共投入。2008年，中国人力资本投资占GDP比例达到10.75%。2009年，中央财政用于教育支出1981.39亿元人民币，比2007年增长84.1%；用于医疗卫生支出1273.21亿元人民币，比2007年增长91.66%；用于就业和社会保障支出3296.67亿元人民币，比2007年增长43.2%；用于科学技术领域的支出1512.02亿元人民币，比2007年增长51.2%。

　　完善公共就业和人才服务体系。建立县区以上综合性服务机构，街道（乡、镇）社区服务窗口以及就业训练、创业服务等服务实体，形成了覆盖省、市、县（区）、街道（乡、镇）、社区（行政村）的五级服务网络。截至2009年底，全国共有县（区）以上公共就业和人才服务机构1万多个；街道、乡、镇服务窗口共3.7万个，覆盖了97%的街道和89%的乡、镇。公共就业和人才服务职能不断增强，免费开展政策咨询、市场供求信息发布、职业介绍、职业指导、就业援助、创业服务，承担就业登记、失业登记管理，提供人力资源社会保障事务代理、档案管理、考试认证、专家服务等服务项目。

Improving public service for human resources

The Chinese government has gradually increased its input in this area. In 2008 China’s investment in human capital accounted for 10.75% of its GDP. In 2009 the state treasury spent 198.139 billion yuan on education, an increase of 84.1% over 2007; 127.321 billion yuan on medical and health care, an increase of 91.66% over 2007; 329.667 billion yuan on employment and social security, an increase of 43.2% over 2007; and 151.202 billion yuan on science and technology, an increase of 51.2% over 2007.

The government has worked hard to improve the public employ-ment and human resources service system. It has set up integrated ser-vice institutions at the county or district level, and service centers and entities providing employment training and entrepreneurship service at the sub-district (township) and community levels, thereby forming a five-level network providing services at the province, city, county or district, sub-district (town and township) and community (administra-tive village) levels. By the end of 2009 there were over 10,000 public employment and human resources service institutions at or above the county or district level nationwide, and 37,000 service centers at the sub-district, town or township level, covering 97% of the country’s sub-districts and 89% of its towns and townships. The government has improved its functions in public employment and human resources service, providing free services such as policy information, release of supply and demand information of the market, information about job vacancies, vocational guidance, employment assistance and entrepre-neurship training, shouldering responsibilities such as employment and unemployment registration and management, and providing such ser-vices as social security management, archive management, examination and certification, and specialized services.

　　提高人力资源服务的信息化程度。实施“金保工程”，初步建立以中央、省、市三级网络为依托，覆盖全国的统一的劳动和社会保障电子政务系统。通过发行社会保障卡，开通12333专用公益服务电话号码、短信平台和建立政府服务网站等形式，为政策咨询、信息获取、业务办理、个人账户查询等提供便捷的信息化服务。

　　深化干部人事制度改革

　　改革开放以来，中国不断深化干部人事制度改革，先后颁布《深化干部人事制度改革纲要》和《2010—2020年深化干部人事制度改革规划纲要》，针对党政机关、事业单位和国有企业的不同特点实行分类管理，逐步形成广纳群贤、人尽其才、能上能下、公平公正、充满活力的干部人事制度。

The government has made human resources service more IT-based. It has carried out the Golden Social Security Project, and set up an e-government system of labor and social security that covers the whole country and is based on networks at three levels: the central govern-ment level, provincial and municipal levels. It provides services such as policy consultation, access to information, handling business-related affairs and personal account checking by issuing social security cards, activating the 12333 public service line and SMS center, and building government service websites.

Deepening the reform of the personnel system for cadres 

Since the reform and opening-up policies were introduced in 1978, China has made constant efforts to deepen the reform of the personnel system for cadres. It has successively issued the Guideline on Deepen-ing the Reform of the Personnel System for Cadres and the Outline of the Plan on Deepening the Reform of the Personnel System for Cadres (2010-2020). It has adopted a system of classified management of ca-dres based on different characteristics of Party and government organs, public institutions and state-owned enterprises; and has gradually brought into being a personnel system for cadres that is fair and just, and full of vitality and under which people of ability have suitable posts, are able to display their abilities to the full, and can be promoted or demoted in their positions.