1.参与北极航道开发利用

　　北极航道包括东北航道、西北航道和中央航道。全球变暖使北极航道有望成为国际贸易的重要运输干线。中国尊重北极国家依法对其国家管辖范围内海域行使立法权、执法权和司法权，主张根据《联合国海洋法公约》等国际条约和一般国际法管理北极航道，保障各国依法享有的航行自由以及利用北极航道的权利。中国主张有关国家应依据国际法妥善解决北极航道有关争议。

　　中国愿依托北极航道的开发利用，与各方共建“冰上丝绸之路”。中国鼓励企业参与北极航道基础设施建设，依法开展商业试航，稳步推进北极航道的商业化利用和常态化运行。中国重视北极航道的航行安全，积极开展北极航道研究，不断加强航运水文调查，提高北极航行、安全和后勤保障能力。切实遵守《极地水域船舶航行安全规则》，支持国际海事组织在北极航运规则制定方面发挥积极作用。主张在北极航道基础设施建设和运营方面加强国际合作。

(1) China's participation in the development of Arctic shipping routes

The Arctic shipping routes comprise the Northeast Passage, Northwest Passage, and the Central Passage. As a result of global warming, the Arctic shipping routes are likely to become important transport routes for international trade. China respects the legislative, enforcement and adjudicatory powers of the Arctic States in the waters subject to their jurisdiction. China maintains that the management of the Arctic shipping routes should be conducted in accordance with treaties including the UNCLOS and general international law and that the freedom of navigation enjoyed by all countries in accordance with the law and their rights to use the Arctic shipping routes should be ensured. China maintains that disputes over the Arctic shipping routes should be properly settled in accordance with international law.

China hopes to work with all parties to build a "Polar Silk Road" through developing the Arctic shipping routes. It encourages its enterprises to participate in the infrastructure construction for these routes and conduct commercial trial voyages in accordance with the law to pave the way for their commercial and regularized operation. China attaches great importance to navigation security in the Arctic shipping routes. It has actively conducted studies on these routes and continuously strengthened hydrographic surveys with the aim to improving the navigation, security and logistical capacities in the Arctic. China abides by the International Code for Ships Operating in Polar Waters (Polar Code), and supports the International Maritime Organization in playing an active role in formulating navigational rules for the Arctic. China calls for stronger international cooperation on infrastructure construction and operation of the Arctic routes.

　2.参与油气和矿产等非生物资源的开发利用

　　中国尊重北极国家根据国际法对其国家管辖范围内油气和矿产资源享有的主权权利，尊重北极地区居民的利益和关切，要求企业遵守相关国家的法律并开展资源开发风险评估，支持企业通过各种合作形式，在保护北极生态环境的前提下参与北极油气和矿产资源开发。

　　北极富含地热、风能等清洁能源。中国致力于加强与北极国家的清洁能源合作，推动与北极国家在清洁能源开发的技术、人才和经验方面开展交流，探索清洁能源的供应和替代利用，实现低碳发展。

(2) Participating in the exploration for and exploitation of oil, gas, mineral and other non-living resources

China respects the sovereign rights of Arctic States over oil, gas and mineral resources in the areas subject to their jurisdiction in accordance with international law, and respects the interests and concerns of residents in the region. It requires its enterprises to observe the laws of the relevant States and conduct risk assessments for resource exploration, and encourages them to participate in the exploitation of oil, gas and mineral resources in the Arctic, through cooperation in various forms and on the condition of properly protecting the eco-environment of the Arctic.

The Arctic region boasts an abundance of geothermal, wind, and other clean energy resources. China will work with the Arctic States to strengthen clean energy cooperation, increase exchanges in respect of technology, personnel and experience in this field, explore the supply of clean energy and energy substitution, and pursue low-carbon development.