促进了美国产业升级。在与中国经贸合作中，美国跨国公司通过整合两国要素优势提升了其国际竞争力。苹果公司在美国设计研发手机，在中国组装生产，在全球市场销售。根据高盛公司2018年的研究报告，如苹果公司将生产与组装全部移到美国，其生产成本将提高37%。从技术合作领域看，美国企业在中国销售和投资，使这些企业能够享受中国在云计算和人工智能等方面的应用成果，使其产品更好适应不断变化的全球市场。中国承接了美国企业的生产环节，使得美国能够将更多资金等要素资源投入创新和管理环节，集中力量发展高端制造业和现代服务业，带动产业向更高附加值、高技术含量领域升级，降低了美国国内能源资源消耗和环境保护的压力，提升了国家整体竞争力。

　　总体来看，中美经贸合作是一种双赢关系，绝非零和博弈，美国企业和国民从中得到了实实在在的好处，美国一部分人宣称的“美国吃亏论”是站不住脚的。

Trade and economic cooperation has promoted industrial upgrading. In their trade and economic cooperation with China, US multinational companies have sharpened their international competitiveness by combining competitive factors of production in the two countries. For example, iPhones are designed in the US, manufactured and assembled in China, and sold in the world. According to a Goldman Sachs report in 2018, should Apple Inc. relocate all its production and assembly to the US, its product cost would increase by 37%.  In technological cooperation, US companies which have sales and investment in China enjoy the benefits of cloud computing and artificial intelligence applied in China, so that American products can better adapt to the changing global market.  By manufacturing for US companies, China has enabled the US to invest more money and resources in innovation and management, focus on high-end manufacturing and modern services, and upgrade its industry with more added-value and high technology. This has also helped the US in conserving energy and resources and mitigating pressure in environmental protection at home, making the US more competitive in the world.

In general, China-US trade and economic cooperation is a win-win relationship and by no means a zero-sum game, bringing concrete benefits to US companies and people. Some Americans claim that the United States is “losing” in this relationship, a claim which does not stand up to scrutiny. 

　　二、中美经贸关系的事实

　　中美经贸交往规模庞大、内涵丰富、覆盖面广、涉及主体多元，产生一些矛盾分歧在所难免。两国应以全局综合的视角看待，从维护两国战略利益和国际秩序大局出发，以求同存异的态度妥善处理分歧，务实化解矛盾。但是，现任美国政府通过发布《对华301调查报告》等方式，对中国作出“经济侵略”、“不公平贸易”、“盗窃知识产权”、“国家资本主义”等一系列污名化指责，严重歪曲了中美经贸关系的事实，无视中国改革开放的巨大成绩和中国人民为此付出的心血汗水，这既是对中国政府和中国人民的不尊重，也是对美国人民真实利益的不尊重，只会导致分歧加大、摩擦升级，最终损害双方根本利益。

II. Clarifications of the facts about China-US trade and economic cooperation

Economic cooperation and trade between the two countries is so huge, substantive and broad-based, with so many players, that it is inevitable for some differences and friction to emerge. The two countries need to take a comprehensive perspective, keep in mind their strategic interests and the international order, properly handle their differences by seeking common ground while shelving differences, and take practical steps to resolve their tensions. However, in its Section 301 report and other ways, the current US administration stigmatizes China by accusing it of “economic aggression”, “unfair trade”, “IPR theft” and “national capitalism”. This is a gross distortion of the facts in China-US trade and economic cooperation. It turns a blind eye to the huge progress in China’s reform and opening-up as well as the dedication and hard work of the Chinese people. This is disrespectful to the Chinese government and people as well as incompatible with the real interests of the American people. It will only aggravate differences and tensions, which in the end will damage the fundamental interests of both countries.