Title: The gamma-knife in stereotaxic surgery. A new era in brain surgery
标题：脑外科新时代----趋实体外科伽玛刀
Content/内容：
1) The gamma knife is a dedicated neurosurgical equipment for brain surgery to treat predetermined intracranial normal or pathological targets through the intact skull without damaging the surrounding normal brain tissue.
伽玛刀是一种脑外科中神经手术专用设备，通过完整颅骨但不损害周围正常脑组织，治疗业已确定的颅内正常或病理性目标。
2) The operating method is called radiosurgery and it works with the biological effect of stereotactically directed, highly focused ionizing beams of 201 independent cobalt-60 sources.
手术方法称放射外科，其作用原理是利用趋实体定向、高度聚焦201非依赖性钴离子束的生物效应。
3) The treatment is a single day procedure with obvious advantages over the invasive conventional craniotomy-related surgery.
手术一天内完成，明显优于常规侵入性颅内切除手术。
4) It has the benefits of increased biological efficacy of the irradiation along with decreased hospital stay and side effects.
其优点是增加辐射的生物学效应，并减少住院天数与副作用。
5) The device and radiosurgery was originally developed to treat functional neurological diseases, but very soon arteriovenous malformations and tumours became the main objects for the method, and a new dimension opened in the treatment of brain pathologies with difficult access.
该仪器与放射外科原本旨在治疗功能性神经疾病，但不久动静脉异常与肿瘤成为其主要的治疗对象，为难以进入的脑病理区域治疗开辟了新的领域。
6) The first gamma knife was installed in Stockholm, Sweden in 1968.
首台伽玛刀于1968年安装于瑞典斯德哥尔摩。
7) Since then 85 units have been set up, and more than 70,000 patients were treated with the device world-wide.
那以后，全世界已装伽玛刀85台，约7万人接受这种治疗。
8) The simple management technique and high mechanical and beam accuracy made the gamma knife a reliable and effective tool for its intended purpose over 30 years now.
处理技术简单、高度机械化及离子束定位准确，使伽玛刀成为30年来可靠有效的预定治疗工具。
9) This review summarizes the history of the device, the basic radiation, physics and biology related to stereotactic radiosurgery, the description of the unit and the possibilities and limits of the treatment modality.
本文综述伽玛刀的历史与趋实体放射外科相关的基础放射、物理学与生物学，介绍伽玛刀结构以及治疗上的可能性及其有限性。
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