[原文]
12.1 周世盛德，有铭诔之文。大夫之材，临丧能诔。诔者，累也;累其德行，旌之不朽也。夏商以前，其[详]词靡闻。周虽有诔，未被于士。又贱不诔贵，幼不诔长，其在万乘，则称天以诔之。读诔定谥，其节文大矣。自鲁庄战乘丘，始及于士。逮尼父之卒，哀公作诔，观其愁遗之[切]辞，呜呼之叹，虽非睿作，古式存焉。至柳妻之诔惠子，则辞哀而韵长矣。
[今译]
周朝的恩德广大，产生了诔文。大夫的才干，碰上丧事要能够写出诔文来。诔就是积累;累计死者的德行，加以表彰，使他不朽。夏朝商朝以前，诔文没有听说过。周朝虽然有诔文，还没有用到士人身上。又低贱的人不能替责人作诔，小辈不能为长辈作诔，天子死了，只能称说上天来诔他。宣读诔文，确定谥号，在礼仪上是很重要的。自从鲁庄公在乘丘战败，开始对士人作诔。到孔子死了，鲁哀公给他作诔，看他说“上天不愿留下这一老”的话，“鸣呼”的感叹，虽然不是高明的作品，古代诔文的格式保存着。到柳下惠妻子的诔柳下惠，那么文辞悲哀、韵语长了。
12.1 Inscriptions and mourning songs appeared in the virtuous Zhou Dynasty. A court official must be able to compose mourning-songs on funeral occasions. A mourning-song enumerates: It numbers the virtues of the dead to immortalize them. Little is known about this type of writing before the Xia and Shang dynasties. It existed in the Zhou Dynasty, but was not applied to ordinary officials then. Also, people of low birth were not supposed to write mourning-songs for their superiors, nor younger people for their seniors. Only heaven could be asked to write a sovereign's mourning-song. To chant a mourning-song before the dead and to confer upon him a posthumous title involve complicated rituals. After the battle with the state of Song in Shengqiu, Duke Zhuang of Lu wrote the first mourning-song for an official. When Confucius died, Duke Ai of Lu composed amourning-song for him; though not a masterpiece, it expressed deep sorrow and preserved the ancient form. When Liu Xiahui died, his wife wrote a heart-rending mourning-song.
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