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三个单词经常在国际民事诉讼法中指对诉讼管辖或处理的一种能力。Jurisdiction多指法院广义的受理及审判案件的能力, 决定法院或准司法机构,如行政法庭审判案件的范畴,如法院的“受案范围”便为 subject-matter jurisdiction; 故 jurisdiction 应译为“司法管辖权”或“审判管辖权”[1]。power具有特定授权及privilege的含义[2] , 常指特定类型的法院处理特种类型的案件的能力,如法国的商事法庭便没有权力(power)处理婚姻诉讼,其上诉法院也无power受理一审案件。competence有时也指法院对案件的管辖权,如:The case falls within the competence of the court. [3] 此时其多指在地域观念上的一种权限或权力,如域内管辖权、属地管辖权、内国地域管辖权等。此外,在区分属于国家权力的管辖权和属于法院权力的管辖权时,jurisdiction多指国家对审判事务的权力,而competence则多指法院对审判事务的权力。
[1]“ Jurisdiction determines which court system should properly adjudicate a case.
Questions of jurisdiction also arise regarding quasi-judicial bodies ( as administrative agencies) in their decision-making capacities. ”Cf. Linda Picard Wood, J. D.,Merriam Webster's Dictionary of Law, at p. 271, Merriam-Webster, Incorporated (1996).
[2]“A right or privilege.” Cf. Daphne Dukelow, The Dictionary of Canadian Law, at p. 794, Thomson professional Publishing Canada (1991.).
[3] Cf. P. H. Collin, Dictionary of Law, 2nd edition, at p. 110, Peter Collin Publishing Ltd. (1993 ).