Learn the bony landmarks in and around the knee. These will guide your examination of this complicated joint (Fig. 1).

■ On the medial surface, identify the adductor tubercle, the medial epicondyle of the femur, and the medial condyle of the tibia.

■ On the anterior surface, identify the patella, which rests on the anterior articulating surface of the femur midway between the epicondyles, embedded in the tendon of the quadriceps muscle. This tendon continues below the knee joint as the patellar tendon, which inserts distally on the tibial tuberosity.

■ On the lateral surface, find the lateral epicondyle of the femur, the lateral condyle of the tibia, and the head of the fibula.

FIGURE 1. Anterior view of the knee.

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