Muscles traversing the elbow include the biceps and brachioradialis (flexion), the brachialis, the triceps (extension), the pronatorteres (pronation), and the supinator (supination).

Note the location of the olecranon bursa between the olecranon process and the skin (Fig. 1). The bursa is not normally palpable but swells and becomes tender when inflamed. The ulnar nerve runs posteriorly in the ulnar groove between the medial epicondyle and the olecranon process. The radial nerve is adjacent to the lateral epicondyle. On the ventral forearm, the median nerve is just medial to the brachial artery in the antecubital fossa.

FIGURE 1. Left posterior elbow.

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