Cancer of the prostate is the most common malignancy in men in the United States. Only lung cancer and colon cancer cause more cancer-related deaths in men who are past middle age. Prostatic cancer may metastasize rapidly and is difficult to remove surgically. Other methods of treatment include radiation; measures to reduce male hormones (androgens), which stimulate prostatic growth; and chemotherapy. In cases of prostatic cancer, a protein produced by prostate cells increases in the blood. This prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is used, along with rectal examinations, to screen for prostate cancer and to assess the results of treatment.

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