日益健全的生态与环境监测体系

　　为监测青藏高原的生态环境变化，中国建立了较为完备的监测体系，包括中国生态系统研究网络、高寒区地表过程与环境监测研究网络，以及环保、国土、农业、林业、水利、气象等专业观测网络，形成了天地一体化的监测预警体系。中国生态系统研究网络在青藏高原及周边建有森林、草地、农田和荒漠等8个不同生态系统类型的观测台站，对高原生态系统变化开展长期的定位监测，揭示生态系统及环境要素的变化规律及其动因。高寒区地表过程与环境监测研究网络实现了对青藏高原地表环境变化过程的连续监测。“十二五”期间，气象部门在青藏高原增建了9部新一代天气雷达、18个高空气象观测站、123个国家级地面气象观测站、1361个区域气象观测站，发射了3颗风云系列气象卫星，完善了气象观测试验站网。西藏自治区和青海省目前分别建成国家地表水考核断面22个和19个、国控城市空气质量监测站点18个和11个。在一些重点区域，如三江源地区，相关部门构建了星－机－地生态综合立体监测与评估系统，建立了该区域时间序列最长、数据项最全的高质量数据库。生态环境监测网络的健全与数据质量的提高，促进了环境管理水平和效率大幅提升。

An improved eco-environmental monitoring system

To monitor eco-environmental changes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China has set up a relatively complete monitoring and early-warning system that integrates air and land networks, including a Chinese ecosystem research network, a network for monitoring and studying 

earth surface processes and environment in extremely cold areas of high altitude, and observation networks in environmental protection, land, agriculture, forestry, water conservancy, meteorology and some other fields. Under the Chinese ecosystem research network, observation stations for eight different ecosystems, including forest, grassland, farmland and desert, have been set up on the Plateau and surrounding areas, offering long-term located monitoring of changes of the Plateau ecosystem and thus revealing laws for and causes of changes in the ecosystem and environmental factors. With the network for monitoring and studying earth surface processes and environment in extremely cold areas of high altitude, researchers have performed continuous monitoring of environmental change on the Plateau surface. During the 12th Five-year Plan period, meteorological departments set up nine new-generation weather radars, 18 aerological observation stations, 123 state-level ground meteorological observation stations, and 1,361 regional meteorological observation stations, and launched three Fengyun meteorological satellites, thereby improving the network of meteorological observation and test stations. Tibet Autonomous Region has set up 22 state-level surface water inspection sections and 18 state-controlled air quality monitoring stations; the corresponding figures for Qinghai Province are 19 and 11. In some key areas, for example Sanjiangyuan, relevant departments have established a satellite-aircraft-earth integrated, stereoscopic monitoring and evaluation system, and a high-quality database spanning the longest time period and containing the most data items in this area. With improved ecological and environmental monitoring networks and enhanced data quality, environmental governance has improved greatly in terms of capability and efficiency.