（1）医学研究论文材料与方法部分及结果部分的时态基本相同，一般用过去时。例如：

结果

人口统计学数据

确诊时的平均年龄为47岁（最小1个月.最大86岁），43例（16%)<20岁，>60岁；152例（55%)为男性。所有患者均为白人。174例表现出心脏病症状的患者经超声心动留检查诊断为HCM，新近发现心脏杂音或心电图 (ECG)异常82例，HCM家族史21例。从首次诊断到最近一次的临床评估或至死亡前的临床评估随访时间为8.1年（范围6个月-31年）。

RESULTS

Demographics

Mean age at diagnosis was 47 years (range 1 month to 86 years). Forty- three patients (16%) were younger than 20 years while 90 patients (32%) were 60 years or older； 152 (55%) were men. All patients were white. Circumstances that led directly to the diagnosis of HCM by echocardiography were cardiac symptoms (n = 174)，a newly detected heart murmur or abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG) findings (n= 82)，or family history of HCM ( n - 21). Duration of follow-up from initial diagnosis to the most recent clinical evaluation or death was 8.1 years (range, 6 months to 31 years).

 

（2）表示研究实验结果时，有吋追述结果之前的情况，则用过去完成时。例如

①用相同的方法对两名中暑病员（中暑虚脱）进行了治疗。箅一名中暑病员是在研究志愿受试者之前进行治疗的。

Two heat casualties (heat exhaustion) were treated by this method. The first was treated before the volunteers had been studied.

②几乎所有的病人在开始接受全胃肠外营养后不久以及在作出胆道疾病诊断之前，都有肝功检验结果异常。

In almost all of these patients, the abnormal results of liver function tests had been noted early after the initiation of TPN of these patients.

 

（3）说明表注和图注的内容、数据、图形和符号用一般现在时。例如：

①表3表明，调整年龄后，收缩压和舒张压与钾摄取量之间关系的回归坡度，男性与女性相似。即钾摄取量每上升10毫克分子，收缩压平均下降约1.7-1.8 毫米。

 

Table 3 shows that the age-adjusted regression slopes for systolic and diastolic BP on potassium intake are similar for men and women. Every 10 mmol increase in potassium intake is associated with an average decrease of about 1.7 to 1.8 mm systolic pressure.

 

②饮食变量包括蛋白质、脂昉、碳水化合物、热卡、酒精和钙（男性）。

Dietary variables are protein, fat, carbohydrate, calories, alcohol, and calcium (in men).

③数据以标准差（SD)表示；

Data are presented as mean SD.

④MI:心肌梗死

MI indicates myocardial infarction.