要准确地定取腧穴，仅仅了解腧穴的位置还不够，还必须运用恰当的取穴方法。临床常用的取穴方法有体表解剖标志定位法、“骨度”折量定位法、指寸定位法。“骨度”折量定位法适用于大多数腧穴，体表解剖标志定位法仅适用于体表解剖标志明显的腧穴，指寸定位法在运用时，必须结合运用“骨度”折量定位法。

 

一、体表解剖标志定位法

体表解剖标志定位法是以解剖学体表标志为依据来确定腧穴位置的方法。体表解剖标志可分为固定标志和活动标志两种。

 

1.固定标志：指骨节和肌肉所形成的凸起或凹陷，包括五官、发际、指（趾）甲、乳头、脐窝等。如腓骨小头前下方定阳陵泉，眉头定攒竹等。

 

2.活动标志：指关节、肌肉、肌膜、皮肤随意活动而出现的空隙、凹陷、皱纹等。如拇指上翘，于腕横纹桡侧两筋间定阳溪：尽量屈肘，于肘横纹桡侧纹头定曲池等。

 

 

 

In order to accurately locate the points, it is not enough to simply know the location of the points, one needs to know the correct method of palpation and point location. Commonly used methods include Anatomical landmark method, proportional measurement method, and finger measurement method. Proportional measurement method is used for locating most of the acupuncture points, whereas the anatomical landmark method is only used for points which their anatomical positions are clearly indicated. As for the use of finger measurement method, it is necessary to combine the proportional measurement method.

I. Anatomical Landmark Method

Anatomical landmark method is based on anatomical features to locate acupuncture points. It can be divided into two categories: Fixed and Flexible landmarks.

 

1.Fixed anatomical landmarks include: depression or prominence formed by muscles or joints, facial features (eyes, nose, mouth), hairline, finger/toe nails, nipples,umbilicus,etc..For example, Yanglingquan (GB34) is located in the depression anterior and inferior to the head of the fibula，and at the medial end of the eyebrow is the point Cuanzhu (BL2).

 

2.Flexible anatomical landmarks include: various hollowness, depression, wrinkles that appear with movements of the phalangeal joints,muscles, membranes, skin, etc.. For example: With the thumb tilted upward, on the radial side of the back of the wrist, the point Yangxi (LI5) is in the hollow between the tendons of m. extensor pollicis brevis and extensor pollicis longus; with the elbow flexed, the point Quchi (LI11) is located at the lateral end of the cubital crease.