5)……只听苇中有人呻吟。大家忙走来一看，只见薛蟠衣衫零碎，面目肿破，没头没脸，遍身内外，滚的似个泥猪一般。（第四十七回）

杨译：

...they heard groaning in the reeds and hurrying forward discovered Xue Pan there，his clothes tattered and torn, his face swollen and bruised，covered from head to foot with mud like a sow.

霍译：

...they heard someone groaning among the rushes；and there，when they went to look，was Xue Pan，his clothes torn，his face cut and swollen almost beyond recognition, and so besmirched with mud from head to foot that he had more the appearance of an old wallowing sow than of a human being.

例3霍译中的resembled，例4杨译中的had the sensation of以及例5霍译中的had the appearance of都不是寻常的明喻的喻词 (如 as，as if/though, like, seem，such as，similar to，just as,等等），但与各自相对应的另一译本的表达方式进行比较，给人不落俗套的比喻效果。像这样的喻词还有：not unlike，can be likened to，as it were，akin to，be comparable/compared to, be analogous to，be something of等。在译文中适当运用，可以起到丰富言语形式，增加新鲜感的意外功效。

2.意译法

这种情况又分为三种类型：

其一，明喻仍然译作明喻。如：

6)士隐意欲也跟了过去，方举步时，忽听一声霹雳，有若山崩地陷。（第一回）

杨译：

Shiyin was starting after the two immortals when he heard a fearful crash, as if mountains had collapsed and the earth split asunder.

霍译：

Shi-yin was on the point of following them through the archway when suddenly a great clap of thunder seemed to shake the earth to its very foundations,...

该例的杨译 as if mountains had collapsed and the earth split asunder是对“有若山崩地陷”的直译，而霍译seemed to shake the earth to its very foundations尽管也是simile，但从语义的角度分析应归入意译之列。

其二，将明喻译作其他类比喻。如：

7)晴雯等早去瞧了一遍回来，嘻嘻笑向袭人道：“你快瞧瞧去！大太太的一个侄女儿，宝姑娘一个妹妹，大奶奶两个妹妹，倒象一把子四根水葱儿。”（第四十九回）

杨译：

...and now they ran back smiling.

"You must go and have a look，"they urged Xiren. “Lady Xing’s niece，Miss Baochai’s cousin and Madam Zhu's two cousins are as pretty as four fresh young shallots，they really are!"

霍译：

They returned soon after, full of smiles, to report on what they had seen.

‘Do go and look!'they urged Aroma.‘There's Lady Xing's niece and this cousin of Miss Bao's and Mrs. Zhu's two cousins：it's not often you get a chance to see four such beautiful bulrushes together!'

该例用“一把子四根水葱儿”比喻刚进京到贾府的薛宝琴、邢岫烟、李纹和李绮，活画出了四位姑娘苗条白皙的体态。杨译用as作喻词，且保留了喻体的具体形象——shallots，是地地道道的直译；霍译中没有喻词，属于英语的metaphor，同时也改变了喻体形象——用 bulrushes(芦苇)译“水葱”。笔者认为，此处将明喻译作借喻，等于保存了喻义，只是比喻的类型有所转化而已，在表达效果上与原文相差 无几，是无可厚非的。这一点通过下文的同类比较分析可以得到进一 步的印证。但是，霍克斯在本句中对喻体形象的转换却值得商榷•.既 然直译原文的形象并不会导致对译文语义的歪曲，也不会造成读者理解上的困难，那么，即使这种形象的变更不至于太大程度地“害义”(芦 —苇只能表现“苗条”的一面，却不能形容她们的“白皙”），但却是不必要的，甚至是多余的。

其三，将明喻译作无喻句。如：

8)那小厮听了，只得也从树后爬出来，磕头如捣蒜。（第七十一回）

杨译：

At that the page boy had to crawl out from behind the tree to thump his head vigorously on the ground.

霍译：

The boy darted out from the cover of the tree, threw himself on his knees in front of Faithful, and began knocking his head on the ground as if he were pounding garlic in a mortar.

以上四例的译文，除了前两例的霍译本采取直译，保留了喻义之外,其他均将原文明喻所蕴涵的语义内容以不具备比喻特征——即非辞格句的语言表达出来。这样表达的结果，就是把原文“比喻”这一积 极有效的修辞艺术改头换面，以无形状有形，化具象为抽象，将感性的、惟妙惟肖的言语变得悄然无声、黯然失色,极大程度地磨灭了原文的修辞用意和行文风格。通过对照例8、例9两个译本的译文，不难看出对比喻这种修辞手段的避而不译的做法，是对原著对读者两头不负责任的态度。

责任编辑：admin