人类追求文明进步永无止境，中国的法治文明建设依然在路上。不断改进和完善中国司法领域的人权保障，仍将是中国全面推进依法治国的重要内容。中国将坚持立足本国国情，积极借鉴人类法治文明优秀成果，不断提升人权司法保障水平，努力维护社会公平正义，全面建设社会主义法治国家。

　　一、不断健全人权司法保障机制

　　全面深化司法体制改革，合理配置司法职权，完善司法责任制，大力推进司法公开，建立健全国家司法救助制度，保障律师执业权利和公民陪审监督权利。

There is no end to mankind's pursuit of progress. There is still much room for improvement for the rule of law in China. Strengthening judicial protection of human rights will continue to be a major task in implementing the rule of law. China will proceed from its prevailing reality, learn from the achievements of other countries regarding the rule of law, enhance judicial protection of human rights, safeguard social fairness and justice, and implement the rule of law in all respects.

I. Strengthen the Mechanism of Judicial Protection of Human Rights

China is striving to drive reform of the judiciary to a deeper level, allocate judicial powers and responsibilities in a more rational way, improve the judicial accountability system, promote judicial transparency, establish a national judicial assistance system, and ensure the right of lawyers to practice their profession and the rights of citizens to act as assessors and overseers.

　　进一步优化司法职权配置，确保审判权和检察权依法独立公正行使。中共十八大和十八届三中、四中全会对深化司法体制改革作出重大部署。2014年至2015年，中央全面深化改革领导小组召开了19次全体会议，其中13次涉及司法体制改革议题，审议通过了27个司法体制改革文件。公安机关完善执法权力运行机制，推进受案立案制度改革，加大对受案立案的审核监督。最高人民检察院制定《关于深化检察改革的意见（2013-2017年工作规划）》。最高人民法院发布《关于全面深化人民法院改革的意见——人民法院第四个五年改革纲要（2014-2018）》。2014年以来，完善司法责任制、完善司法人员分类管理制度、健全司法职业保障制度、推进省以下地方法院检察院人财物省级统一管理四项改革逐步在全国推开试点。以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革正在稳步推进。

　　2014年，北京、上海组建跨行政区划人民法院和人民检察院，办理跨地区重大刑事、民事、行政案件，解决一些当事人“争管辖”和诉讼“主客场”问题，促进法律统一正确实施。2015年，最高人民法院在深圳、沈阳分别设立最高人民法院第一、第二巡回法庭，审理跨行政区域重大行政和民商事案件，全年共收案1774件，审结1653件，审限内结案率为100%。

Further improve the allocation of judicial powers and responsibilities, and ensure the independent and impartial exercise of the judicial and procuratorial power. Major plans for deeper reform of the judiciary were made at the 18th National Congress of the CPC and the third and fourth plenary sessions of the 18th Central Committee of the CPC. In 2014-2015, the Central Leading Group for Deepening Overall Reform held 19 meetings, 13 of which involved reform of the judiciary. The Group examined and approved 27 judiciary reform documents in total. Public security organs have improved the mechanism of law enforcement, changed the case-filing review system to case-filing register system, and strengthened examination and supervision of case admitting work. The Supreme People's Procuratorate has issued the "Opinions on Deepening Procuratorial Reform (Work Plan for 2013-2017)," and the Supreme People's Court has released the "Opinions on Deepening the Reform of People's Courts in All Respects - the Fourth Five-Year Reform Plan of the People's Courts (2014-2018)." Since 2014, pilot programs have been promoted nationwide to improve performance in the following areas: judicial accountability, category-based management of judicial personnel, job security for the judicial profession, and unified management of the personnel, finance and property of people's courts and procuratorates below the provincial level. The reform of trial-centered litigation is making headway.

In 2014, people's courts and people's procuratorates transcending administrative boundaries were established in Beijing and Shanghai, to handle major cross-regional criminal, civil and administrative cases. This was to address certain parties' concerns over the authority of the jurisdiction in charge of their cases, and to promote the unified and correct application of laws. In 2015, the Supreme People's Court set up its first and second circuit courts in Shenzhen and Shenyang for major cross-regional administrative, civil and commercial cases. In 2015 the circuit courts handled 1,774 cases and concluded 1,653 of them, concluding all cases within the time limit.