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在商务英译汉过程中,有些动词,形容词和副词可以转译成中文的名词。
1. 将动词转译为名词
在翻译过程中有如下两种情况可以考虑将英语中的动词转译为中文的名词。
由于表达方式的不同,英语中有些动词如“aim at,behave, impress,target”等,在汉语中往往找不到对应动词,因而汉译时要转换成名词来表达。
例 1 However, the negotiations which were begun in London in 1946 and aimed at setting up a world trade organization failed because the US held that they were in conflict with its domestic law.
译文:然而,1946年开始在伦敦举行的谈判,目标在于建立一个世界性的贸易组织,但是却未取得成功,因为美国认为这些谈判与其国内法律相抵触。(此句中“aim at”转换为名词“目标在于”。)
例 2 The economic environment is characterized by buyers, sellers and competitors.
译文:经济环境的特点就是买方、卖方与竞争。 (这里“characterized”汉译为名词“特点”)
英语还有一些动词虽然可以用对应的汉语动词直译过来,但若转换为名词来译可能更通顺,而且比用动词更具有强调意味。
例 3 For the last 25 years the US Federal Government has spent more than it had taken in.
译文:过去25年中,美国联邦政府的支出大于收入。(此句中“ spent”一词也可用“花钱”或“耗费”等汉语动词译出,但译成“支出”更符合汉语表达)
2. 将形容词转译为名词
商务英语中有些形容词汉译时常常译成名词。
例 4 We think that television is different from radio in that it sends and receives a picture.
译文:我们认为,电视和无线电的区别在于电视发送和接收的是图像。 (“different”在原文中是形容词,翻译成汉语时变成名词。)
例 5 At a constant price, the supply of commodity is positively proportional to its profit.
译文:价格不变,商品的供应数量与其所获利润成正比。(“proportional”译成名词“比例”)