美国商会指出，贸易战将导致美国相关州利益受损，得克萨斯州39亿美元的出口产品、南卡罗来纳州30亿美元的出口产品以及田纳西州14亿美元的出口产品或受到报复性关税打击。美国消费者选择研究中心称，美国政府实际上在用关税“惩罚”其选民，依赖出口的北卡罗来纳州超过15万个工作岗位、南卡罗来纳州6500名工人将受到报复性关税的直接影响。美国知名摩托车制造企业哈雷公司评估，欧盟的报复性关税措施将导致每辆销往欧洲的摩托车成本增加2200美元，会在2018年内给公司造成3000万至4500万美元的损失。为应对这一不利局面，哈雷公司已表示计划将部分摩托车制造产能转移出美国。

The US Chamber of Commerce has pointed out that a trade war will hit some American states. For example, Texas could see US$3.9 billion worth of exports targeted by retaliatory tariffs; South Carolina, US$3 billion and Tennessee, US$1.4 billion.  The Consumer Choice Center stated that the US government is actually “punishing” American voters with the tariffs it introduced, as over 150,000 jobs in North Carolina and 6,500 workers in South Carolina, both being heavily export-dependent states, will be directly affected  by the retaliatory duties. Harley-Davidson Inc., a famous American motorcycle maker, estimated that the EU’s retaliation will cost about US$2,200 per motorcycle shipped to Europe, forecasting US$30 million to US$45 million in costs linked to the EU tariffs for the remainder of 2018. As a response, the company is shifting the production of some bikes overseas. 

　　影响投资者对美国经济环境的信心，导致外国直接投资净流入降低。不断升级的经贸摩擦使企业信心不稳，在投资上持观望态度。彼得森国际经济研究所所长亚当·波森指出，美国政府的“经济民族主义”政策不仅使美国在贸易领域付出了代价，在投资领域引发的消极后果也开始显现。近期，美国及外国跨国公司在美投资数量几乎为零，企业投资方向转变将影响美国的长期收入增长和高收入就业岗位，并使全球企业加速远离美国。根据美国商务部经济分析局数据，2016年和2017年第一季度，美国外国直接投资流入额分别为1465亿美元和897亿美元，而2018年同期已降至513亿美元。这一变化是美国对长期投资吸引力下降的结果。

It erodes investors’ confidence in the American economic environment and results in less net foreign direct investment (FDI) into the United States. As the trade friction escalates, companies feel less confident and more hesitant about investment. Adam S. Posen, President of the Peterson Institute for International Economics, argued that beyond the cost of the trade war, the US government’s policy of “economic nationalism” has taken a toll in another important sphere: net inward investment into the US by multinational corporations – both foreign and American – has fallen almost to zero. This shift of corporate investment away from the US will decrease long-term US income growth, reduce the number of well-paid jobs available, and accelerate the shift of global commerce away from the US. Data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis of the US Department of Commerce show that in the first quarters of 2016 and 2017, the total net FDI inflow was US$146.5 billion and US$89.7 billion. For the same quarter in 2018, the figure was down to US$51.3 billion. This is a result of a general decline in the US attractiveness as a place to make long-term business commitments. 

　　六、中国的立场

　　经济全球化是大势所趋，和平与发展是民心所向。把困扰世界的问题、影响本国发展的矛盾简单归咎于经济全球化，搞贸易和投资保护主义，企图让世界经济退回到孤立的旧时代，不符合历史潮流。中美经贸关系事关两国人民福祉，也关乎世界和平、繁荣、稳定。对中美两国来说，合作是唯一正确的选择，共赢才能通向更好的未来。中国的立场是明确的、一贯的、坚定的。

VI. China’s position

Economic globalization is the trend of the times, and peace and development represent the shared aspiration of all peoples. It therefore runs counter to the historical trend when one simply blames economic globalization for the problems in today’s world and one’s domestic development, and attempts to bring the global economy back to the old days of isolation by pursuing trade and investment protectionism. China-US economic and trade ties concern not only the well-being of the peoples of the two countries, but also world peace, prosperity and stability. Cooperation is the only correct option for China and the US, and only a win-win approach will lead to a better future. China’s position is clear, consistent and firm.