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无主句是汉语特有的句子形式,被省略的主语往往是泛指,其作用和效果相当于英语中无施事方的被动句,因而可以用来处理某些英语被动形式。如:
例9. If balance sheet were made, it would be found that the rubber ban has created
more difficulties for the United States than for Malaysia.
只要(…)计算ー下得失,(…)就会发现橡胶禁运给美国造成的困难要比给马来西亚造成的困难大得多。
另外,英语中有些插入式的被动结构可以拆离出来,译成汉语无主结构,放在全句之前,以区别于原句中的事实陈述部分。如:
例10. The Chinese are exoected to buy not only earth stations 9 but also two
communications satellites.
(…)预计中国人不仅将购买地面站,还将购买两顆通讯卫星。
英语报刊文章中常用以下这类用先行词it引出的被动结构,而且大都可以译作汉语的无主结构:
It must be admitted that...(…)必须承认...
It may be safely said that...(…)可以有把握地说...
It is reported that...据(…)报道...
It will be seen from this that... (…)由此可见...
当然,也可视具体情況,将这类结构压缩成单个词语,放在译文句子中适当的地方, 例如:
例11. It is expected that the first serious attempts will be made to brinp some
international order to the farm patchwork this year.
各国有望在今年首次做出认真的努力,使杂乱无幸的农产品贸易纳入某种国际秩序。
4. 转换成以施事方为主语的主动句