1978年，中国共产党十一届三中全会深刻总结建国以来正反两方面的经验教训，作出了把党和国家工作重点转移到经济建设上来、实行改革开放的历史性决策，并提出“为了保障人民民主，必须加强社会主义法制，使民主制度化、法律化，使这种制度和法律具有稳定性、连续性和极大的权威，做到有法可依、有法必依、执法必严、违法必究”。这次会议开启了中国改革开放和社会主义民主法制建设的历史新时期。这个时期立法工作的重点是，恢复和重建国家秩序，实行和推进改革开放。1979年，第五届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过了修改宪法若干规定的决议，规定县和县以上的地方各级人民代表大会设立常务委员会，将县级人民代表大会代表改为由选民直接选举等，同时制定了全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法、地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法、人民法院组织法、人民检察院组织法、刑法、刑事诉讼法、中外合资经营企业法等7部法律，拉开了新时期中国大规模立法工作的序幕。

In 1978 the Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC summarized the experience and lessons since the founding of New China, made a historic decision to shift the focus of the work of the Party and the state to economic development and to adopt the policy of reform and opening up, and stated, "To ensure people's democracy, we must strengthen our socialist legal system, which will enable democracy to be institutionalized and codified, and ensure that such system and laws are stable, continuous and authoritative. All this will ensure that there are laws to go by, that they are observed and strictly enforced, and that violators are brought to book." This session ushered in a new chapter in China's history of reform and opening up, and the building of the socialist democracy and legal system. Legislation in this period focused on restoring and re-establishing state order, and carrying out and advancing reform and opening up. In 1979 the Second Session of the Fifth NPC passed a resolution concerning the amendment to several provisions of the Constitution, which provided that local people's congresses at and above the county level established standing committees, and deputies to the people's congresses of counties were to be elected directly by their constituencies. The meeting also enacted the Electoral Law of the National People's Congress and Local People's Congresses, Organic Law of the Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments, Organic Law of the People's Courts, Organic Law of the People's Procuratorates, Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure Law, and Law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, marking the beginning of large-scale legislation work in the new period.

    1982年，适应国家经济、政治、文化、社会生活等各方面发生的巨大变化，第五届全国人民代表大会第五次会议通过了现行宪法，确立了国家的根本制度、根本任务和国家生活的基本原则，为新时期改革开放和社会主义现代化建设提供了根本保障，标志着中国民主法制建设进入新的历史阶段。随着改革开放的深入推进和经济社会的深刻变化，中国先后于1988年、1993年、1999年和2004年对宪法的部分内容进行修改，确认了非公有制经济在国家经济中的重要地位，将国家“实行社会主义市场经济”、“实行依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家”、“尊重和保障人权”、“公民的合法的私有财产不受侵犯”以及“中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度将长期存在和发展”等内容写入宪法，推动了中国经济、政治、文化和社会等各方面的发展和进步。这个时期，适应以经济建设为中心、推进改革开放的需要，制定了民法通则、全民所有制工业企业法、中外合作经营企业法、外资企业法、专利法、商标法、著作权法、经济合同法、企业破产法等法律；贯彻落实“一国两制”方针，制定了香港特别行政区基本法、澳门特别行政区基本法；加强民族团结，发展社会主义民主，维护公民合法权益，制定了民族区域自治法、村民委员会组织法、刑事诉讼法、民事诉讼法、行政诉讼法等法律；保护和改善生活环境与生态环境，制定了环境保护法、水污染防治法、大气污染防治法等法律；促进教育和文化事业发展，制定了义务教育法、文物保护法等法律。这个时期立法工作取得的突出成就，为中国特色社会主义法律体系的形成奠定了重要基础。

In 1982, to adapt to the great changes in the economic, political, cultural and social life of China, the Fifth Session of the Fifth NPC adopted the present Constitution, establishing the fundamental system of the country and fundamental principles for state affairs, and setting basic tasks for the country, providing basic guarantees for reform and opening up, and the socialist modernization drive in the new period and symbolizing that China's efforts to improve democracy and the legal system had entered a new era. As reform and opening up deepened, and profound changes took place in China's economy and society, China made amendments to the Constitution in 1988, 1993, 1999 and 2004, respectively. These amendments affirmed the important status of the non-public sector of the economy, and wrote into the Constitution that the state "practices a socialist market economy," "exercises the rule of law, building a socialist country governed according to law," and "respects and protects human rights," that "citizens' lawful private property is inviolable," and that "the system of multi-party cooperation and political consultation led by the Communist Party of China will exist and develop in China for a long time to come." These amendments contributed to China's economic, political, cultural and social development and progress. During this period, to meet the needs for centering on economic development and promoting reform and opening up, the legislature enacted the General Principles of the Civil Law, Law on Industrial Enterprises Owned by the Whole People, Law on Chinese-Foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures, Law on Foreign-funded Enterprises, Patent Law, Trademark Law, Copyright Law, Economic Contract Law, Law on Enterprise Bankruptcy, and some other laws. To carry out the policy of "one country, two systems," the legislature enacted the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Basic Law of the Macao Special Administrative Region. To strengthen ethnic unity, develop socialist democracy and safeguard citizens' legitimate rights and interests, the legislature enacted the Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy, Organic Law of the Villagers' Committees, Criminal Procedure Law, Civil Procedure Law, Administrative Procedure Law, and some other laws. To protect and improve the living and ecological environment, the legislature enacted the Environmental Protection Law, Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, Law on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, and some other laws. To promote education and culture, the legislature enacted the Compulsory Education Law, Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics, and some other laws. These great achievements in legislation laid an important foundation for the establishment of the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics.