定语从句在医学英语中应用极广。一般由that,which,who,as,but等关系代词或when, where, how,why等关系副词引导,用来修饰主句中的某个名词或代词,有时也能修饰主句的一部分或整个主句。主句中被定语从句所修饰的部分称为先行词。
定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种,其翻译方法也略有不同。现分述如下:
1. 限制性定语从句的翻译
这类定语从句与所修饰的先行词关系密切,并对其起限制、明确作用,通常不用逗号与主句隔开,译法主要有以下几种:
(1)照译
若定语从句较短,对先行词的限制性也较强,可将其译为先行词的修饰语,即译为“…的”。
例一: People should be familiar with those symptoms and signs which may be indicative of tumors.
【说明】which引导的定语从句修饰those signs and symptoms。
【译文】人们应该熟悉那些提示肿瘤的症状和体征。
例二: Many complications which the common cold causes are serious.
【译文】感冒引起的许多并发症是严重的。
例三:Aspirin is considered a safe drug for general use, however, it may cause severe asthma or other illness in people who are allergic to it.
【译文】阿司匹林被认为是应用广泛的安全药物,然而,对其过敏者服用后会发生严重哮喘或其他疾病。
例四:Such use as we are able to make of helpful bacteria and such control as we have of harmful ones depend upon our knowledge of their habits.
【说明】由as所引导的两个定语从句分别修饰use和control。
【译文】对有益细菌的利用和对有害细菌的控制对决于对细阐习性的了解。