[原文]
15.2 谐之言皆也，辞浅会俗，皆悦笑也。昔齐威酣乐，而淳于说甘酒;楚襄宴集，而宋玉赋好色:意在微讽，有足观者。及优旃之讽漆城，优孟之谏葬马，并谲辞饰说，抑止昏暴。是以子长编史，列传滑稽，以其辞虽倾回，意归义正也。但本体不雅，其流易弊。于是东方、枚皋，铺糟啜醨，无所匡正，而诋嫚媟弄，故其自称为赋，乃亦俳也，见视如倡，亦有悔矣。至魏文因俳说以著笑书，薛综凭宴会而发嘲调，虽抃[推]笑衽席，而无益时用矣。然而懿文之士，未免枉辔;潘岳丑妇之属，束晰卖饼之类，尤而效之，盖以百数。魏晋滑稽，盛相驱扇，遂乃应瑒之鼻，方于盗削卵;张华之形，比乎握春杵。曾是莠言，有亏德音，岂非溺者之妄笑，胥靡之狂歌欤!
[今译]
谐的音近皆，语言浅近，适合世俗，听了都高兴发笑。从前齐威王酒喝得很高兴，浮于髡却讲好喝的不同酒量;楚襄王设宴集会，宋玉却写《登徒子好色赋》:用意在婉转地讽刺，是值得看的。到优旃的讥讽用漆来漆城墙，优孟的讽谏厚莽爱马:都是用诡诈的话，夸张的说法，阻止君主的昏庸暴虐。因此司马迁编写《史记》，编入《滑稽列传》，因为他们的话虽说得诡诈，用意还是归于正确。只是体制不雅正，它的末流容易出毛病。因此东方朔、枚皋，在朝廷里混饭吃，没有什么匡正，却是讥讽狎弄人，所以他们自称是作赋，也是游戏文，被看成供人取乐的乐人，也有悔心了。到魏文帝曹丕因嬉笑的话来编成笑书，薛综在宴会上说嘲笑的话，这些虽在坐席上使人拍手欢笑，却是对当时没有什么好处。可是会写文章的人，不免绕道走到这里来;潘岳写《丑妇》之类，束晰写《饼赋》，知道它不好还要仿效它，大概有百多人。魏晋时期讲滑稽话，互相推动，很是厉害;便使应瑒的鼻子，被比做偷来的半个蛋;张华的头，好比握着捣臼的棒槌。曾经是坏话，有损于美好的声音，这难道不是快淹死的人的苦笑，被绳子缚着的犯人的胡唱嘛!
15.2 The character for "jesting" is related to "all": It uses plain language to meet popular taste and amuse all. King Wei of Qi used to indulge in wine, but gave it up when Chunyu Kun told him a story about the harms of sweet wine. King Xiang of Chu used to revel in feasting parties, so Song Yu wrote "Deng Tuzi's Love of Sensual Pleasures." Both are mild satires and well worth reading. When Jester Zhan satirized the Second Emperor of Qin's decision to paint the city walls, and when Jester Meng mocked at King Zhuang of Chu's plan to hold a solemn funeral for his horse, their intention was to prevent stupid actions with clever witticisms. For this reason, Sima Qian included biographies of jesters in his Records of the Historian. Although the jesters used oblique language, they conveyed upright meaning. As comic rhymes are originally uncouth, their derivatives invite that danger. Thus Dongfang Shuo and Mei Gao allowed themselves to drift with the world, indulging in raillery and jesting without trying to rectify wrong. They themselves regretted this, because they once described their rhyme-prose as merely comic rhymes, which made them look like jesters. Emperoг Cao Pi wrote a book of jokes based on those used by jesters; Xue Zong told jokes at feasting parties. Such jesting was entertaining but served no practical purpose. Unfortunately, some talented writers wrote these things knowing that it was an erroneous practice. As a result, there are a hundred or so pieces like Pan Yue's "Ugly Woman" or Shu Xi's "Pastry Peddler." In the Wei and Jin dynasties, joking and jesting became the fashion. Ying Chang's nose was compared to an egg whose end had been cut off by a thief; Zhang Hua's figure was likened to a pestle grasped by both hands. These jokes are offensive or inappropriate, like a drowning man's helpless laughter oг a convict's riotous song.
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