明清中央政府设置相同,其地方政府一般可以分为省、府(州/ 厅)、县三级。明朝临时派遣的总督、巡抚在清代成为省级最高行政长官。总督又称“制军”、“制台”,为正二品官,一般统辖两省至三省的军政大权。巡抚也称“抚军”、“抚台”,从官二品,为一省的最高军政官员。因责任重大,他们有封疆大吏之誉。督抚之下设有布政司,掌管一省钱财赋税、民政,简称“蕃台/蕃司”。还设立有按察使,主管一省司法、刑狱。府设有知府,县设立知县,其下实行里保和保甲制来实现民户管理。
丞相 grand councilor;counselor-in-chief
中丞事 vice-manager of important national security matters
平章政事 manager of governmental affairs
昭文馆大学士 grand academician of the Institute for the Glorification of Literature
平章军国大事 manager of important national security matters
刑部尚书 ministry of justice
工部尚书 ministry of works
户部尚书 ministry of revenue
吏部尚书 ministry of personnel
兵部尚书 minister of war
礼部尚书 director of the board of rites
理藩院尚书 ministry of the court of colonial affairs
理藩院 court of colonial affairs
府学生员 prefectural school/government student
内阁(大)学士 ( grand) secretary of the grand secretariat
中宪大夫 grand master exemplar
军机大臣 grand minister of state
荣禄大夫 grand master for glorious happiness
驻藏大臣 grand minister resident of Tibet