(六)形象变通

原文：瞧你像只落汤鸡！

译文I：You look like a bedraggled chicken! [0.8]

译文II：You look like a drowned rat! [1]

译文III：Look! You're wet through.[0.8]

译文I等于没有传达原文的意思。译文III舍弃了原文的比喻形象，只传达了概念意义。译文I和III都欠缺原文的形象性，没有充分表达出原文的意思，属于“欠额翻译”。译文II作了变通，改变了原文的喻体，可使原文表达的“湿淋淋”的形象通过新的喻体得到再现，为“足额翻译”或“等额翻译”。

(七)心理转换

原文：这是一篇八股文。

译文I：This is a bagu essay. [0.2]

译文II：This is an eight-legged essay. [0.3]

译文III：This is a stereotyped writing. [0.5]

该句的关键词是“八股”。译文I是音译，其实等于没译，全句信度最低。译文II为直译，信息量略有增加，但仍不够。译文III属意译，对原文信息量传达得多一些。三个译文都属于“欠额翻译”。但由于文化背景的差异，有些意义无法百分之百地传达过去，译者只能追求最大程度地传达原文的信息量。

(八)社会规范

原文：劳驾，去市场将怎么走?

语文I：Excuse me, but could you show me the way to Market Street? [1]

译文II：I beg you pardon, sir. Will you be so kind as to tell me how to reach Market Street? [0.8]

译文III: Chap, tell me how to get to Market Street. [0.6]

三个译文在礼貌程度上各不相同。译文III不够礼貌，译文II客气过分。译文I较妥当。

(九)双关语义

原文：骄阳下，柳树上，回答他的是蝉声。(毛炳甫《剥香蕉皮》)

译文I：Under the scorching sun, from the willow tree, came the confirming reply of the cicada's chirrup: “See, see ….” [0.9]

译文II：… came the cicada's chirruping,“zing-a-zing-a ….” [0.5]

译文III：… came the cicada's reply,“I See, I see ….” [0.7]

译文IV：… came the cicada's reply,“I know, I know ….” [0.4]

原文的“知了”有双关语义，译文I同时传达出了双重意义，所以信度最大。译文II只传达了基本意义即拟声效果，另一重意义丧失。译文III顾及了语法的完整、妨碍了拟声效果的传达。译文IV只顾附加意义，丧失了基本意义，整体上不合情理。

(十)语义连贯

原文：昨奉大函，诵悉一是。尊稿极佳；唯篇幅甚长，本志地位有限，故不克刊登。良用歉然。

译文I：I received your letter yesterday. I read it and noted its contents. Your article is very good. But it is very long. This magazine has only limited space. Therefore I cannot publish your article. I am very sorry. [0.7]

译文II：I received your letter yesterday. Your article is very good, but I am sorry that owing to pressure of space, I find it too long to be published. [0.9]

译文I中每句都很短，读起来给人一跳一跳的感觉，显得不连贯，读后不知哪句是重点。译文II就连贯多了，各部分的逻辑关系也明确，整体译文好得多。

上面十个方面当然不是翻译标准的全部内容，而仅是翻译标准中许多个"元"的一部分。译文仅从一个方面达到对原文的“信”还远远不够，而应力求从所有方面部达到对原文最大限度的忠实。在实际翻译时要从整体出发，分清主次，选择取舍，灵活掌握。既要学会拿翻译标准指导自己的翻译实践，也应知道如何衡量别人的译作。

责任编辑：admin