由于中英文的差别，在处理原文中抽象或者是比较抽象的单词、词组或句子时，需要用具体或比较具体的单词、词组或句子来翻译，从而使译文产生与原文同样的效果。同样，为了译文的忠实与通顺，有时也需要把原文一些具体的单词、词组或句子进行抽象化处理。

I. 从抽象到具体 

1. 语义上的具体化

例1 His new house made him the envy of his neighbors.

他的新房子使他成为了邻居们羡慕的对象。

例2 我们的目的是要使领导干部年轻化。

Our aim is to ensure that more young people will rise to positions of leadership.

2. 语言形式上的具体化，主要是在抽象名词后加上范畴词 

例3 There is much woman about him.

他的举止颇带女人气。

例4 More and more people have realized the necessity of learning computers.

越来越多的人意识到学习电脑的必要 

3. 通过比喻形象使袖象名词具体化

例3 His parents were full of anxiety and worry for him.

他的父母对他是牵肠挂肚。

例4 他侥幸赢了这场比赛。

He won the race by the skin of his teeth.

II. 从具体到抽象

1. 语义上的抽象化

例1 Were it left to an American to decide whether they should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without government, he should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.

如果让一个美国人决定要没有言论自由的政府还是要言论自由而无政府的国家，他会毫不犹豫地选择后者。

例2 近来你读了什么幽默作品吗？

Have you read any humor recently?

2. 语言形式上的抽象化，主要是去掉具体名词后的范畴词

例3 谦虚的态度对学习很重要。

Modesty is important to study.

例4 这届政府没有腐败现象。

The administration was free from corruption.

3. 比喻形象比较具体的单词、词组或句子抽象化

例5 I have no head for mathematics.

我没有数学方面的天赋。

例6 政府进行了大刀阔斧的改革。

The government was bold and resolute in its reform programs.

责任编辑：admin