（三）不应违背契约精神指责中国进行强制技术转让

　　中国改革开放以来，外国企业为了拓展新兴市场、节约生产支出、实现规模效益和延长技术获利时间，主动与中国企业建立合作伙伴关系，订立契约合同，把产能和订单向中国转移，这完全是基于商业利益的企业自愿行为。不能因为中国企业的技术进步，就把原本双方自愿的交易活动歪曲为强制技术转让，这既不符合历史事实，也是对契约精神的背弃。

3. China should not be accused of forced technology transfer as it is against the spirit of contract

Since the adoption of reform and opening up, foreign enterprises have established partnerships with Chinese companies by voluntarily entering into contracts. They transferred production capacity and orders to China of their own volition so as to tap into the emerging market, save production costs, achieve economy of scale, and extend the term of profiting from technologies. These are voluntary behaviors based on business interests. However, it accords with neither historical facts nor the spirit of contract to unjustly label bilateral transactions on a voluntary basis as forced technology transfer simply on the grounds of Chinese firms’ technological advances.

　　中国与美国等发达国家合作过程中发生的技术转移，源自发达国家企业出于利益最大化考虑的主动技术转让及产业转移。产品生命周期理论表明，任何一种产品都会因新技术的应用而经历一个由盛到衰的生命周期。跨国公司在努力开发新技术的同时，需要不断向发展中国家转让已落后或是标准化了的技术，以延长依靠旧技术获取利润的时间，并为新技术研发应用腾出空间和要素资源，也间接分担研发成本，技术转让和许可是常用的商业合作模式。

上世纪90年代以来，微软、英特尔、高通、宝洁、通用电气、朗讯等美国公司相继在中国设立研发机构，目的是更好适应和开发中国市场。多年来美国在华企业通过技术转让与许可获得了巨额利益回报，是技术合作的最大受益者。

Technology transfer in the course of cooperation between China and developed countries such as the US is voluntary technology transfer and industrial transfer initiated by the enterprises of developed countries keen to maximize their interests. The product life-cycle theory indicates that any kind of product goes through a life-cycle from peak to decline due to application of new technologies. While endeavoring to develop new technologies, multinationals continuously transfer technologies that are either obsolete or standardized to developing countries with a view to extending the term of profiting from old technologies, making room and sparing production factors for R&D and application of new ones, and indirectly sharing R&D costs. Therefore, technology transfer and licensing is a widely-used business cooperation model. Since the 1990s, Microsoft, Intel, Qualcomm, P&G, GE, Lucent, and other American companies have set up R&D facilities in China in a bid to better adapt to and explore the Chinese market. Over the years, American firms in China have earned handsome profits through technology transfer and licensing. They are the largest beneficiary of technological cooperation.