事实上，中国在切实履行加入世界贸易组织承诺后，还主动通过单边降税扩大市场开放。截至2010年，中国货物降税承诺全部履行完毕，关税总水平由2001年的15.3%降至9.8%。中国并未止步于履行加入世界贸易组织承诺，而是通过签订自由贸易协定等方式推进贸易投资自由化，给予最不发达国家关税特殊优惠，多次以暂定税率方式大幅自主降低进口关税水平。根据世界贸易组织数据，2015年中国贸易加权平均关税税率已降至4.4%，明显低于韩国、印度、印度尼西亚等新兴经济体和发展中国家，已接近美国（2.4%）和欧盟（3%）的水平；在农产品和制成品方面，中国已分别低于日本农产品和澳大利亚非农产品的实际关税水平（表3）。2018年以来，中国进一步主动将汽车整车最惠国税率降至15%，将汽车零部件最惠国税率从最高25%降至6%；大范围降低部分日用消费品进口关税，涉及1449个税目，其最惠国平均税率从15.7%降至6.9%，平均降幅达55.9%。目前，中国关税总水平已进一步降为8%。

图表：表3：中国贸易加权平均关税税率及国际比较（%） 新华社发

China, having fulfilled its WTO commitments, has voluntarily engaged in unilateral tariff reductions to expand market opening. By 2010, all commitments in goods had been fulfilled, with the overall tariff level decreased from 15.3% in 2001 to 9.8%. Yet China did not limit itself to WTO commitments; it has promoted trade and investment liberalization through FTAs, given special treatment in tariffs to LDCs, and significantly reduced import tariffs using provisional tariffs on several occasions. According to the WTO, China’s weighted tariff in 2015 had fallen to 4.4%, significantly lower than that of emerging economies and developing countries such as the Republic of Korea, India and Indonesia, approaching that of the US (2.4%) and the EU (3%). China’s tariffs on agricultural products are lower than the real tariffs of Japan, and lower than those of Australia for non-agricultural goods (Table 3). From the beginning of 2018, China further voluntarily cut the MFN rate on whole vehicles to 15%, and the MFN rate on auto parts from a maximum 25% to 6%. China has reduced import tariffs for 1,449 daily necessities, with the MFN rate down by an average of 55.9%from 15.7% to 6.9%. Currently, China’s overall tariff rate has been reduced to 8%.

Table 3: Trade Weighted Average Tariff Rates of China and Other Countries (%)

　　美国所主张的“公平贸易”和“对等开放”，否定各国发展阶段、资源禀赋和优势产业的客观差异，无视发展中国家发展权，势必会对发展中国家经济和产业造成冲击，造成更大范围的不公平，最终也不利于美国企业扩大国际市场，分享发展中国家发展机遇。

　　中国加入世界贸易组织后，为世界经济发展作出了重要贡献。国际上有的人认为，中国加入世界贸易组织是占了便宜，其他国家吃了亏。事实上，中国加入世界贸易组织后，中国低成本劳动力、土地等资源与国际资本、技术相结合，迅速形成巨大生产能力，推动了全球产业链、价值链发展，促进了世界经济增长。在此期间，外商对华直接投资持续扩大，规模从2001年468.8亿美元，增加到2017年的1363.2亿美元，年均增长6.9%，跨国公司分享了中国经济发展的巨大机遇。与此同时，中国在经济快速发展过程中也在环境、产业调整等方面承担了较大成本。

The idea of “fair trade” and “reciprocal opening up” advocated by the US ignores the existence of objective differences among countries in terms of stage of development, resources, and competitive industries, and ignores developing countries’ right to develop. It will create an impact on the economy and industries of the developing countries, result in broader inequality, and eventually prevent American businesses from expanding their international market share and sharing development opportunities in the developing countries.

Since its accession to the WTO, China has made important contribution to world economic development. Some people think China has taken advantage of its WTO membership while putting other countries at a disadvantage. In fact, after China joined the WTO, it has provided international capital and technologies with low-cost labor and land resources, generating immense production capacity that has promoted the development of global industrial chain and value chain, and world economic growth. In this process, FDI to China has kept on growing, surging from USD46.88 billion in 2001 to USD136.32 billion in 2017, at an annual growth of 6.9%. Multinationals have shared the immense opportunities in China’s economic development. In the meantime, China has paid a high cost in environment and industrial restructuring as its economy grows rapidly.