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en-是个来自古法语的前缀,但其前身却是拉丁语的in-,原意是in或into。在现代英语构词中,en-是个动词性的派生前缀。它与名词或形容词相缀合,构成动词,其意思相当于to put into(使…置于…)或to make(使…)。em-是en-的异体,只出现在唇辅音字母 b, p与m之前。
先来认识几个由en-与名词构成的派生词。
enact [en-=to put into 使置于;act n. 法令=>“to put into an act 付诸于法令”→]v. make into a law制定(法律),颁布、通过 (法案)/ Congress enacted a bill to restrict the sale of guns. 国会通过一项限制枪支出售的法案。
enactment n. 制定,颁布;法令,条例
encircle [ en- = to put into 使置于;circle n. 圆圈=>“to put into a circle 使在圆圈中”→] v. form a circle around; surround 环绕; 包围/ Trees encircle the pond.树木环绕着水池。encirclement n. 环绕;包围
endanger [en-= to put into 使置于;danger n. 危险=>“to put into danger使处于危险中”→]v. cause danger to使遭到危险,危害,危及/The fire endangered the hotel's guests, but no lives were lost. 大火危及该旅馆的宾客,但无人丧生。
dangerment n. 危害
enforce[ en- = to put into 使置于;force n. 效力→]v. put into force; cause to be carried out 实施;执行/ Policemen and judges will enforce the laws.警察与法官要执法。
enforcement n. 实施,执行;厉行
enlist [ en- = to put into 使置于;list n. 名单=>“to put into the list 使列入征兵名单中 ”→]v. get to join the armed forces 征募,使服兵役 / Many men in the city were enlisted during the war.战争期间,该城许多男人被征人伍。
enlistment n. 征募;应募入伍;服役期