汉语的名词一般没有复数形式,但在汉译英时,译者必须根据实际情况用单数或复数的词。如:
长征是历史记录上的第一次。
The Long March is the first of its kind in the annals of history.(原文“记录”没有复数形式,英文用复数annals。)
争取运动成绩和精神文明双丰收。
For better (athletic) records and sportsmanship.
汉语的谓语无人称和数的变化,不管主语是单数还是复数,不管主语是第几人称,谓语的形态都不变。如:
我是福州人。 I am from Fuzhou.
你是福州人。 You are from Fuzhou.
她是福州人。 She is from Fuzhou.
他们是福州人。 They are from Fuzhou.
英语的谓语有人称和数的变化,因此,汉译英时,要注意主谓语之间人称和数的统一,反之,英译汉时则难免要失去英语中主谓之间关于数的信息。如:
乡镇企业的繁荣是我国农村改革的必然产物。
The prosperity of township enterprises is the inevitable outcome of the economic reform in the rural area.( 主语单数,谓语也用单数。 )
当前,我国的职业教育和成人教育正在加快发展。
Vocational education and adult education are being pushed on energetically in our country. (主语复数, 谓语也用复数。)
各种方法都试过,可没有多大效果。
Every means has been tried but without much result. ( means 虽然形式是复数的,但这里做单数用,要用单数动词。 )
这数据中有许多都是决定性的。
Much of this data is conclusive.
Many of these data are conclusive. (有些名词,其单复数形式是固定不变的,但其动词的单复数取决于其限定词和上下文内容。)
这位日本人已来过中国20次了。
That Japanese has been to China for twenty times.
那些日本人是到我们大学来参观的客人。
Those Japanese are visitors to our university.
( Japanese 既可单数也可复数,视其限定词而定。)
《古代中国神话》是由那位老教授编写的 。
The Tales of Ancient China was written by that old professor. (专有名词作主语用单数动词。)
精彩的演出使全体观众情绪激昂。
The audience was excited by the excellent show.
(audience是集合名词,大部分集合名词都可使用单数或复数动词,这主要取决于作者的强调点:强调整体时,用单数谓语;强调这个集体里的成员时,用复数谓语。)
从以上例子中可以看出,英语的主谓一致是比较复杂问题。在汉译英时,要特别注意。
责任编辑:admin