1. 当今世界，环境保护已成为各国政府和各界人士共同关心的问题。过去10年，海平面升高和森林砍伐的速度都是前所未有的；生态恶化、物种灭绝、臭氧层被破坏、温室效应、酸雨、土地沙漠化等一系列问题已经严重影响到人类的生存环境和身体健康。（节选自《中口》第251页）
模板句型1:Currently,environmental protection has become the common issue that concerns the governments of all the countries and people from all walks of life. During the past decade, sea level has risen and forests have been destroyed at an unprecedented rate. A series of problems, namely, the deterioration of the ecosystem, the extinction of bio-species, damage to the ozone layer, the greenhouse effect, acid rain and desertification have posed a serious threat to people's environment for survival as well as to their physical health.
模板句型2:Currently,environmental protection has become the common concern of the governments of all the countries and people from all walks of life. The past decade has witnessed/seen the unprecedented rise of sea level and deterioration of forests. The ecosystem has deteriorated, species have become extinct, the ozone layer has been damaged, there have been other problems such as greenhouse effect, acid rain and desertification, all of which have posed a serious threat to people's environment for survival as well as to their physical health.
模板句型精析：“问题”类的文章，一开始的导入句往往会强调问题的严重性。因此，对于“成为……共同关心的问题”，除了按模板句型1那样，用常规的定语从句进行翻译以外，还不妨如模板句型2那样，直接用the concern of..引出。因为在英语里，concern作名词时有“关心的问题”之意，言简意赅。句子的第二个意群是“多主句”，模板句型1进行了直译，需注意，表达“前所未有的”的形容词unprecedented 并没有对应的副词。因此在这里可用“at a(n)+adj.+rate”来表达，即将形容词转化为介词短语作状语。而按模板句型2处理时，可采用“时间（点/段)+witness/see+adj.+n.”的句型进行处理，做到简而不失雅。最后一个意群是并列结构，可如模板句型1那样，用常用结构性语言a series of.. namely,...+v.对并列部分进行列示，但其局限性在于主语过长，如果当中的专业术语卡壳，最后可能就来不及翻译动词，造出“不成句”的译文。因此，考生可参考模板句型2，将原来的名词转化为动词并抢先构架句子结构，最后用which引导定语从句，相对而言这种处理方法更具实用性，这也是翻译长句时常用的“分句法”。除此以外，考生还需熟练掌握与问题严重性有关的单词或词组，如“灭绝”、“破坏”、“恶化”、“严重影响”等。
2. 据预测，未来25年全球人口将由60亿增长到80亿，环境保护面临更大的压力，解决环境与发展的问题面临着重重困难。（节选自《中口》第251页）
模板句型1:It is estimated that with the global population expected to increase from 6 billion to 8 billion over the next 25 years, environmental protection faces/confronts bigger pressure, and many problems remain to be resolved in striking a balance between economic development and environmental protection.
模板句型2:According to estimation,the next 25 years will see/witness the increase of the global population from 6 billion to 8 billion, environmental protection faces/confronts bigger pressure, so does the solution of problems between environment and development.
模板句型3:According to estimation,the world will see/witness the increase of its population from 6 billion to 8 billion over the next 25 years, environmental protection faces/confronts bigger pressure, so does the solution of problems between environment and development.
模板句型精析：该模块句子的特点首先体现在“据预测”上，这是引导研究结论类文字常用的导入词，因此考生可以如模板句型1一样，用it is estimated that...这样的句型结构，也可如模板句型2和模板句型3一样，用according to estimation引入。类似的导入语还有“据分析”、“据报道”等，考生都可依样进行变换。而对于预测的内容，即人口的增长问题，可如模板句型1一样，通过使用介词with和过去分词expected 这样的枝形结构，和后面的句子合为一句，这是合句法的运用；也可如模板句型2或模板句型3，抓住时间和地点这个切入点，运用模板句型“时间/地点+see/witness+变化趋势”。需要指出的是，句中的时间不同，动词也应采用不同的时态。而最后的意群则是强调问题，往往有导入词“面临”，常用高频词有face和confront。confront在军事中还有“对抗”的意思，考生需“因地制宜”。句子中出现了两个“面临”，因此在实际翻译中，建议考生参考模板句型2和模板句型3的用法，对后面一个“面临”通过“so+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句结构进行简化，这是减词法运用的高级境界。
3. 从国情出发，中国在全面推进现代化的过程中，将环境保护视为一项基本国策，将实现经济持续发展视为一项重要战略，同时在全国范围内开展污染防治工作和生态环境保护活动。（节选自《中口》第251页）
模板句型1:Proceeding from our national condition,China,in the process of modernization, regards environmental protection as a basic state policy, and realizing sustainable economic development as an important strategy. In the meantime, China has launched a nationwide campaign for the prevention and treatment of pollution as well as the protection of ecological environment.
模板句型2:Based on our national condition,China,in the process of modernization,regards environmental protection as a basic state policy, and realizing sustainable economic development as an important strategy. In the meantime, China has prevented and treated pollution as well as protected ecological environment in a nationwide drive.
模板句型精析：这个模块句子可以一题双解。首先，开头词“从……出发”是一个比较典型的导入方式，学生可如模板句型1一样，用proceeding from开头，也可如模板句型2一样，采用“绕译法”，绕译为based on(以……为基础)。接下来看第一个意群，不难发现这是一个并列结构，核心结构是“将……视为……”,出现了两次。因此，考生可按照减词法“介词拖后”的原则，译为regard.….as.…,and.….as.…。最后一个意群的核心结构是“开展……的工作/活动”，这是典型的引导解决措施的结构，其正式译法为launch a(adj.）campaign for/against,见模板句型1;但在口译中，也不妨省略“开展”,将其后面的名词，如“污染防治”、“生态环境保护”直接转化为动词，请注意模板句型2中的粗斜体字部分；而对于“在全国范围内”，则可用in a(n)+adj.+drive的结构将其转化为介词短语作状语。这种转性法的活用考生需在平时苦练，方能在考场上游刃有余。
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