在常用词absent和abstract中含有一个拉丁语源的原生词缀 ab- (abs- )。它原是拉丁介副词,意思相当于英语的away from或 off。这个前缀一般加在拉丁词根上,构成动词及相应的形容词与名词。abs-是ab-的异体,出现在以c, t开头的词根前。ab- (abs- )是个僵化词缀,我们下面分析的都是原生派生词。
先介绍几个常见的含有(abs-)的单词。
absent [ab- = away 离;sent = to be 是→]I a . being away; not present 不在;缺席 / He is absent from class today.他今天缺课。
II v. keep (oneself) away 缺席,不到 / Try not to absent yourself more than necessary.尽量不要无故缺席。
absentee n. 不在者,缺席者
absence n. 不在,缺席
absorb [ ab- = away 离;sorb = to suck in 吸人=>“to suck in sth. away from 从…吸人某物” →] take in 吸收 / Sponges absorb water. 海绵吸水。
absorbable a .可吸收的
abstract [ abs- ( ab-) = away 离;tract = to draw 抽=> “ to draw away 抽离,抽取”→] v . take away; remove 提取;分离 / Iron is abstracted from ore.铁是从铁矿石中提炼出来的。
abstraction n. 提取;分离
abscond [ abs- ( ab-) = away 离;cond = to store 贮藏=>“to store away 藏匿起来”→]v . go off and hide 潜逃/The dishonest cashier absconded with the bank’s money. 心术不正的银行出纳员携款潜逃。