六、中医药发展

    中医药在中国有着悠久的历史，是中华民族在生产生活实践以及治疗疾病过程中形成和发展的医学科学，是中华民族智慧的结晶，为中华民族繁衍昌盛作出了重要贡献。中医药在治疗常见病、多发病和疑难病等方面独具特色和优势，在治疗传染性疾病方面也有良好效果，并以其费用低、疗效好、副作用小等特点，深受中国公众喜爱，在医疗卫生保健中发挥着不可替代的重要作用。中国政府一贯积极扶持和促进中医药事业的发展。

    建立覆盖城乡的中医医疗服务体系。在城市，形成了以中医医院、民族医医院、中西医结合医院、中医专科医院、综合医院中医科、社区卫生服务机构及中医门诊部和中医诊所为主的城市中医药服务网络。在农村，形成了由县级中医医院、乡镇卫生院中医科和村卫生室为主的农村中医药服务网络。目前，75.6%的社区卫生服务中心、51.6%的社区卫生服务站、66.5%的乡镇卫生院、57.5%的村卫生室能够提供中医药服务。

VI. Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history in China, and is a medical science formed and developed by the Chinese people in their daily work and life as well as attempts to treat diseases. TCM is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese people, and has made important contributions to the continuance and thriving of the Chinese nation. Known for its unique characteristics and advantages in curing common diseases, frequently occurring diseases and complicated diseases, TCM has also proved effective in treating infectious diseases and is very popular among the Chinese public for its low cost, satisfactory curative action and mild side effects. TCM plays an irreplaceable role in China's medical and healthcare endeavors, and the Chinese government has always supported and promoted its development.

Networks of TCM medical services have been established to cover both urban and rural areas. Networks of TCM medical services now cover Chinese cities, providing services for urban residents through TCM hospitals, ethnic-medicine hospitals, hospitals of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, specialized TCM hospitals, TCM departments of general hospitals, community health services, TCM outpatient departments and TCM clinics. In the rural areas, TCM service networks have also been developed to serve rural residents through county-level TCM hospitals, and TCM departments or sections of township hospitals and village clinics. Currently, 75.6% of community health service centers, 51.6% of community health service stations, 66.5% of village and township hospitals and 57.5% of village clinics can provide TCM services.

    形成独具特色的中医药人才培养体系。国家把人才培养作为中医药事业发展的根本，加强名老中医药专家学术思想和经验继承工作以及优秀中医临床人才培养，加强社区、农村基层中医药人才的培养，基本形成了院校教育、师承教育、继续教育多形式、多层次、多途径的中医药教育体系，初步建立起社区、农村基层中医药人才培养机制。截至2011年，全国共有高等中医药、民族医药院校46所，高等教育中医药类在校生人数55.3万人，卫生机构中医类别执业(助理)医师29.4万人，中药师(士)9.7万人。

    推进中医药现代化。积极利用现代科学技术，推进中医药的理论和技术创新，在中医基础理论、临床诊疗、中药技术等领域取得重要成果。推进中药产业化和现代化，中药产业规模、技术水平大幅提高。目前，全国中药生产企业近1500家。中药产品种类、数量、生产工艺水平有了很大提高。重视和保护中医药的文化价值，41项中医药项目列入国家非物质文化遗产名录。

A unique training system for qualified TCM professionals has been developed. The state takes the cultivation of qualified professionals as the cornerstone for the development of TCM. China has enhanced its efforts to pass down the academic achievements and experience of renowned and senior TCM experts as well as the training of high-caliber professionals in clinical practice. An education system for TCM personnel has been basically developed in the forms of academic education, master-apprentice tutorials and continued education at different levels and through different channels. By 2011, China had a total of 46 institutions of higher learning specializing in TCM and ethnic medicine, with 553,000 undergraduate students of TCM on campus, as well as 294,000 practitioners and assistant doctors of TCM, in addition to 97,000 licensed and assistant pharmacists in TCM.

A modernization drive for TCM has been initiated. The state has proactively promoted theoretical and technical innovations in TCM through the application of modern science and technology, and has gained important achievements in basic TCM theory, clinical diagnosis and treatment, TCM technology and other related areas. China promotes the industrialization and modernization of TCM, and as a result the industrial scale and technical level of TCM has increased markedly. Currently, there are about 1,500 manufacturers of TCM pharmaceuticals in China, and the variety, quantity and processing technique of TCM pharmaceuticals have improved by a wide margin. The state attaches importance to the protection of TCM's cultural values, and 41 TCM programs have been included on the nation's intangible heritage list.