[原文]

15.1 芮良夫之诗云:“自有肺肠，伸民卒狂。”夫心险如山，口壅若川，怨怒之情不一，欢谑之言无方。昔华元弃甲，城者发睅目之讴;臧纥丧师，国人造侏儒之歌，并嗤戏形貌，内怨为俳也。又蚕蟹鄙谚，狸首淫哇，苟可箴戒，载于礼典。故知谐辞讔言，亦无弃矣。

[今译]

芮良夫的《桑柔》诗里说:“君王自己有坏心肠，使得百姓终于发狂。”君王的心险恶得像山谷，人们的嘴像江河那样难于堵塞，人们怨恨愤怒的感情不一样，嘲笑挖苦的话是没有一定的。从前华元战败抛弃盔甲逃回来，筑城的人就发出“突出他的大眼睛”的歌唱;臧纥战败丧失部队，国内的人就造出“矮子”的歌，都是嘲笑他的形貌，内心怨恨成为歌谣。又像用蚕和蟹作的浅俗谣谚，用野猫头花纹来唱的淫乱的歌，假使可以用来讥刺或引以为戒，都载在《礼记》里，所以知道戏谑和隐语也没有抛弃的了。

15.1 A poem by Rui Liangfu has these lines: "When the king acts arbitrarily, the people are perplexed and enraged." If the king's heart is as precipitous as mountains, the people's mouths can be as dangerous as dammed-up rivers. Because their grievances and resentments vary, they resort to all kinds of jokes and quips to vent them. Hua Yuan was once taken prisoner after losing a battle; for this,the wall builders made a song to ridicule his fierce appearance. Zang He, a short man, once suffered defeat in a military campaign; his compatriots sang a song of the pygmy to laugh at him. Both cases involved making fun of the victims' outward appearances as a means of venting inner grievances. The folk story that used the figures of the silkworm and the crab was certainly vulgar, and the song about the colorful patterns on the head of the wildcat was improper in its context, but as they had some lessons to teach, they were recorded in the Book of Rites. Thus we know that jesting rhymes and puzzles have their uses.

责任编辑：admin