【3】All the modern historians from Marx to Spengler have identified the contemporary phenomenon of emigration. Why add more words? To whisper for that which has been lost. Not out of nostalgia, but because it is on the site of loss that hopes are born.

【4】The term home (Old Norse Heimer, High German heim, Greek kōmi, meaning “village”) has, since a long time, been taken over by two kinds of moralists, both dear to those who wield power. The notion of home became the keystone for a code of domestic morality, safeguarding the property (which included the women) of the family. Simultaneously the notion of homeland supplied a first article of faith for patriotism, per­suading men to die in wars which often served no other interest except that of a minority of their ruling class. Both usages have hidden the origi­nal meaning.

【5】Originally home meant the center of the world—not in a geo­graphical, but in an ontological sense. Mircea Eliade has demonstrated how home was the place from which the world could be founded. A home was established, as he says, “at the heart of the real.” In traditional soci­eties, everything that made sense of the world was real; the surrounding chaos existed and was threatening, but it was threatening because it was unreal. Without a home at the center of the real, one was not only shelter­less, but also lost in nonbeing, in unreality. Without a home everything was fragmentation.

【6】Home was the center of the world because it was the place where a vertical line crossed with a horizontal one. The vertical line was a path leading upwards to the sky and downwards to the underworld. The hori­zontal line represented the traffic of the world, all the possible roads lead­ing across the earth to other places. Thus, at home, one was nearest to the gods in the sky and to the dead in the underworld. This nearness promised access to both. And at the same time, one was at the starting point and, hopefully, the returning point of all terrestrial journeys.

【7】The crossing of the two lines, the reassurance their intersection promises, was probably already there, in embryo, in the thinking and beliefs of nomadic people, but they carried the vertical line with them, as they might carry a tent pole. Perhaps at the end of this century of un­precedented transportation, vestiges of the reassurance still remain in the unarticulated feelings of many millions of displaced people.

【8】Emigration does not only involve leaving behind, crossing water, living amongst strangers, but also, undoing the very meaning of the world and—at its most extreme—abandoning oneself to the unreal which is the absurd.

【9】Emigration, when it is not enforced at gunpoint, may of course be prompted by hope as well as desperation. For example, to the peasant son the father’s traditional authority may seem more oppressively absurd than any chaos. The poverty of the village may appear more absurd than the crimes of the metropolis. To live and die amongst foreigners may seem less absurd than to live persecuted or tortured by one’s fellow coun­trymen. All this can be true. But to emigrate is always to dismantle the center of the world, and so to move into a lost, disoriented one of frag­ments.

汉译英原文

家（节选）

文/周国平

【1】家庭是人类一切社会组织中最自然的社会组织，是把人与大地、与生命的源头联结起来的主要纽带。有一个好伴侣，筑一个好窝，生儿育女，恤老抚幼，会给人一种踏实的生命感觉。无家的人倒是一身轻，只怕这轻有时难以承受，容易使人陷入一种在这世上没有根基的虚无感觉之中。