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正本清源 捍卫法治——驻香港公署特派员谢锋在2019年国际法论坛上的主旨演讲(中英对照)I

发布时间: 2019-08-19 09:00:28   作者:译聚网   来源: 外交部   浏览次数:
摘要: 国际法论坛连续四年在港举行,充分体现了林郑月娥行政长官领导的特区政府对法治的重视,也体现了国际社会对香港法治的高度认可...



Get the Fundamentals Right and Safeguard the Rule of Law

--Keynote Speech by H.E. Mr. Xie Feng Commissioner of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China in the Hong Kong SAR at 2019 Colloquium on International Law

尊敬的林郑月娥行政长官,

肯尼迪·加斯顿秘书长、郑若骅司长,

黄进会长、梁定邦主席,

各位来宾、各位朋友:

  大家上午好!很高兴再次应邀出席国际法论坛。

The Honorable Chief Executive Carrie Lam,

Secretary General Prof. Dr. Kennedy Gastorn,

Secretary of Justice Teresa Cheng,

President Huang Jin,

Chairman Dr. Anthony Neoh,

Distinguished Guests,

Friends,

Good morning. It gives me great pleasure to attend again the Colloquium on International Law.

  国际法论坛连续四年在港举行,充分体现了林郑月娥行政长官领导的特区政府对法治的重视,也体现了国际社会对香港法治的高度认可。按照世界正义工程发布的“2019年法治指数”,香港法治水平在126个国家和司法辖区中位列第16位。

  令人痛心的是,一段时间来,一小部分激进分子不断升级暴力犯罪,不断突破法律、道德、人性底线。外国势力里应外合包庇纵容,严重冲击香港法治和社会秩序。在此时刻探讨法治议题尤具现实意义。

For the fourth consecutive year, the colloquium has been held in Hong Kong, which fully shows the importance the SAR Government led by Chief Executive Carrie Lam has attached to the rule of law, and the universal recognition of Hong Kong's performance in this regard. According to the World Justice Project Rule of Law Index 2019, Hong Kong ranks 16th among 126 countries and jurisdictions.

To our great distress, however, some radical forces in Hong Kong have ramped up violent crime in recent months, which has gone beyond the limits of law, morality and humanity. To make things worse, some foreign forces have condoned and even colluded with them, seriously undermining law and order in the city. That makes our discussions here on the rule of law even more relevant.

  我从事外交工作33年,本科攻读的专业是国际法,愿借此机会与大家就近期共同关心的三个问题分享一些看法。

  一、关于国际法上不干涉内政的原则

I've been in the diplomatic service for 33 years, but I was an international law major in my undergraduate years. So I'd like to take this opportunity to share with you my thoughts on three issues of common interest.

First, on the non-intervention principle of international law.

  主权平等和不干涉内政是最根本也是最重要的国际法原则。17世纪初,国际法鼻祖格劳秀斯提出主权平等,强调国家无论大小强弱都拥有同等权利和义务,为威斯特伐利亚以降的国际关系奠定了基石。作为主权平等的必然要求,不干涉别国内政原则应运而生。著名国际法学家瓦泰尔论述道:“国家自由与独立的必然结果,就是她们有权以其认为适当的方式进行自我管理,任何国家都没有丝毫权利去干涉别国内政。在国家的所有权利中,主权无疑是最严肃的,其他国家必须给予最诚敬的尊重。”

Sovereign equality and non-intervention are two fundamental principles of international law. In the early 17th century, Hugo Grotius, founding father of international law, proposed the principle of sovereign equality, which emphasizes that states, big or small, strong or weak, have equal rights and obligations, thus laying the foundation of post-Westphalian international relations. The non-intervention principle came into being as the necessary requirement of sovereign equality. As the renowned international lawyer Vattel argued, "It is an evident consequence of the liberty and independence of nations, that all have a right to be governed as they think proper, and that no state has the smallest right to interfere in the government of another. Of all the rights that can belong to a nation, sovereignty is, doubtless, the most serious, and that which other nations ought the most scrupulously to respect."

  主权平等和不干涉内政已成为现代国际法基本原则和国际关系基本准则。《联合国宪章》第2条第1款规定“本组织(联合国)系基于各会员国主权平等之原则”,该条第7款又规定“本宪章不得认为授权联合国干涉在本质上属于任何国家国内管辖之事件”。联合国大会于1970年通过的《国际法原则宣言》进一步明确:“每一国均有选择其政治、经济、社会及文化制度之不可移让之权利,不受他国任何形式之干涉”,“任何国家或国家集团均无权以任何理由直接或间接干涉任何其他国家之内政或外交事务”。联大通过的其他国际宣言也指出:各国有义务避免利用和歪曲人权问题,以此作为对其他国家施压,或在其他国家内部制造猜忌和混乱的手段;有义务避免从事任何旨在干涉他国内政的诽谤运动、污蔑或敌意宣传;有义务避免以任何形式或任何借口采取任何动摇或破坏另一国家稳定或其任何制度的行动或企图。1975年欧洲安全与合作会议《赫尔辛基最终法案》也规定:“成员国将避免干涉另一成员国国内管辖的内外事务,无论这种干涉是直接或间接、单独或集体行为,也无论有关成员国之间关系如何”。 国际法院在尼加拉瓜诉美国的“军事与准军事活动”案判决中指出,不干涉内政原则“是习惯国际法的一部分”。

Sovereign equality and non-intervention have been established as basic principles of modern international law and norms governing international relations. For example, Article 2, Paragraph 1 of the Charter of the United Nations states that "The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members." Paragraph 7 of the same article provides that "Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state." The Declaration on Principles of International Law adopted by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in 1970 further clarifies that "Every State has an inalienable right to choose its political, economic, social and cultural systems, without interference in any form by another State", and that "No State or group of States has the right to intervene, directly or indirectly, for any reason whatever, in the internal or external affairs of any other State." Other declarations adopted by the UNGA also point out that States have the duties to "refrain from the exploitation and the distortion of human rights issues as a means of exerting pressure on other States or creating distrust and disorder within and among States or groups of States", to "abstain from any defamatory campaign, vilification or hostile propaganda for the purpose of intervening or interfering in the internal affairs of other States", and to "refrain from any action or attempt in whatever form or under whatever pretext to destabilize or to undermine the stability of another State or of any of its institutions". The Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe in 1975 also stipulates that "The participating States will refrain from any intervention, direct or indirect, individual or collective, in the internal or external affairs falling within the domestic jurisdiction of another participating State, regardless of their mutual relations." In the Military and Paramilitary Activities case (Nicaragua vs. U.S.), the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ruled that the principle of non-intervention "is part and parcel of customary international law".



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