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正本清源 捍卫法治——驻香港公署特派员谢锋在2019年国际法论坛上的主旨演讲(中英对照)II

发布时间: 2019-08-19 09:03:22   作者:译聚网   来源: 外交部   浏览次数:
摘要: 国际法论坛连续四年在港举行,充分体现了林郑月娥行政长官领导的特区政府对法治的重视,也体现了国际社会对香港法治的高度认可...



  三、关于“一国两制”问题

  “一国两制”是中国政府单方面的政策宣示,是基于国际法上主权平等原则以及和平解决争端原则的主动创造性实践,是中国对国际法发展的重大贡献。全面准确理解“一国两制”,必须把握好两点:

Third, on "One Country, Two Systems".

The policy of "One Country, Two Systems" was put forward by the Chinese Government itself. It is a pioneering initiative based on the principles of sovereign equality and peaceful settlement of disputes in international law, and is a major contribution by China to developing international law. In order to fully and accurately grasp the policy, it is necessary to understand at least two points.

  首先,要认清中国《宪法》是香港特区的“根”和“源”。实行“一国两制”的香港特区是根据中国《宪法》设立的。早在1982年,中国《宪法》就列入“国家在必要时得设立特别行政区”的规定,远远早于1984年的《中英联合声明》。《基本法》是“一国两制”的具体化和法制化。国家《宪法》和香港《基本法》共同构成香港特区的宪制基础,具有坚实的政治基础、充分的法理依据和成功的实践经验。只讲某一方面或者把二者割裂开来、对立起来,都是不完整、不准确的,也不符合香港回归以来的实际情况。

Firstly, it is China's Constitution that lays the very foundation of the HKSAR. The HKSAR where "One Country, Two Systems" is practiced was established according to China's Constitution. As early as in 1982, two years before the Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed, China's Constitution provides that "The state may establish special administrative regions when necessary." The Basic Law of the HKSAR codifies the "One Country, Two Systems" policy into law with concrete provisions. Therefore, the Constitution of the PRC and the Basic Law of Hong Kong together constitute the constitutional basis of the HKSAR, which is supported by solid political and legal grounds and successful practices. Focusing solely on either of the laws or separating and even confronting the two is incomplete and misleading, and inconsistent with the reality since Hong Kong's return.

  第二,要把握好“一国”和“两制”的关系。“一国”是“两制”的基础与前提,“两制”是在“一国”之内的“两制”。香港《基本法》第1条就指出“香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分”,第12条规定“香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国的一个享有高度自治权的地方行政区域,直辖于中央人民政府”。这说明,香港隶属于国家,是中国的香港,不是独立或半独立的政治实体;中央对香港拥有全面管治权,香港依《基本法》享有高度自治。如果“一国”原则受到冲击,“两制”就无从谈起。作为中国的一个地方行政区,香港肩负维护国家统一与领土完整、维护国家主权安全的宪制责任。任何危害国家主权安全、挑战中央权力和基本法权威、利用香港对内地进行渗透破坏的活动,都是决不能允许的。

Secondly, it is imperative to correctly understand the relationship between "One Country" and "Two Systems". "One Country" is the foundation of and prerequisite for "Two Systems", and "Two Systems" can only operate within the framework of "One Country". Article 1 of the Basic Law makes it clear that "The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region is an inalienable part of the People's Republic of China", and Article 12 provides that "The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be a local administrative region of the People's Republic of China, which shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy and come directly under the Central People's Government." It fully demonstrates that Hong Kong is part of China rather than an independent or semi-independent political entity, and that the Central Government has overall jurisdiction over Hong Kong, while Hong Kong enjoys a high degree of autonomy under the Basic Law. Should the "One Country" principle be undermined, "Two Systems" would not materialize. As a local administrative region of China, Hong Kong has the constitutional responsibility of upholding national unity and territorial integrity, and defending national sovereignty and security. Any attempt to endanger China's sovereignty and security, challenge the power of the Central Government and the authority of the Basic Law, or use Hong Kong to carry out infiltration and sabotage activities against the mainland is absolutely impermissible.

  在“一国”基础上,我们尊重“两制”差异、善用“两制”之利、依法在香港实行高度自治的立场也是明确的、一贯的,从来没有也不会改变。

Our position is clear and consistent. We respect the differences between the "Two Systems" and well leverage their benefits on the basis of "One Country", and ensure a high degree of autonomy in Hong Kong in accordance with law. This has not and will not change.

  回顾150多年的英国殖民统治,没有一任港督是由港人民主选举产生,绝大部分时间立法机构成员更是直接由港督任命。与之形成鲜明对比,香港回归以后,港人依法当家作主、自行管理特区自治范围内事务。香港居民前所未有地享有广泛的民主权利和自由,任何不抱偏见的人都会承认,这是无可否认的事实。遗憾的是,仍有一些人昧着良心地主张某些香港从未存在过的所谓“权利”,反过来栽赃中国中央政府“侵蚀”这些“权利”,这些谬论于法律无据、于事实不符,再次暴露了他们的偏见、傲慢和虚伪。

Looking back at the more than 150 years when Hong Kong was under British colonial rule, one will find that no single Governor was democratically elected by the local people, and legislature members were directly appointed by the Governor most of the time. The people of Hong Kong today, by contrast, are their own masters and govern affairs within the limits of the SAR's autonomy in accordance with law. It is an undeniable fact that Hong Kong citizens are enjoying unprecedented democratic rights and freedoms. Unfortunately, some people continue to claim "rights" that never existed in Hong Kong, and even accuse China's Central Government of "eroding" these "rights". Such argument is legally groundless and inconsistent with the reality, and has again exposed their prejudice, arrogance and hypocrisy.




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