人大监督是国家权力机关代表国家和人民对国家行政机关、司法机关和国家法律实施情况进行的监督。中国宪法规定，国家的一切权力属于人民。人民代表大会是人民行使国家权力的机关，国家行政机关、审判机关、检察机关都由它产生，对它负责，受它监督。人民代表大会行使法律赋予的各种监督职权，通过询问、质询、执法检查、听取和审议有关部门工作报告以及预算审查等手段，加强对政府、法院、检察院及其工作人员的监督，促进依法行政、公正司法，预防和制止各种腐败现象。

　　政府内部监督包括层级监督和监察、审计等专门机关的监督。各级政府、政府各部门的上级对下级、政府对部门、行政首长对工作人员的行政行为进行层级监督。监察机关全面履行法定职责，开展执法监察、廉政监察和效能监察，依法对监察对象行使职权、履行职责、勤政廉政等情况实施监督。审计机关依法对政府的预算执行情况和决算以及其他财政财务收支情况进行监督。这些监督形式对于规范行政执法、促进依法行政、建设法治政府，发挥了重要作用。

Supervision by the NPCs at all levels refers to supervision over state administrative organs and judicial organs as well as the enforcement of laws by state power organs on behalf of the state and people. The Constitution stipulates that all power in the Peo-ple’s Republic of China belongs to the people. The National Peo-ple’s Congress and the local people’s congresses at various levels are the organs through which the people exercise state power. All administrative, judicial and procuratorial organs of the state are created by the people’s congresses to which they are responsible and by which they are supervised. The people’s congresses exer-cise various functions and powers of supervision conferred by law, and enhance supervision over the governments, courts and pro-curatorates as well as their staff by means of question, inquiry, law-enforcement inspection, hearing and review of working re-ports and budget examination to promote administration according to the law and judicial justice, and prevent and curb all corrupt phenomena. 

Internal supervision of governments refers to hierarchical supervision and supervision by specific inspection and audit organs. The hierarchical supervision means supervision by governments and governmental departments at higher levels over those at lower levels, by governments over their various departments and by chief executives over their subordinates. The supervisory organs perform in full their statutory functions and responsibilities, conduct in-spections on law enforcement, clean government and government efficiency, conduct supervision over the supervised bodies in their exercise of functions and powers, performance of duties as well as diligent and honest governance in accordance with the law. Audit-ing organs, in accordance with the law, exercise supervision over the implementation of budgets, final accounts and other fiscal in-comes and payouts of the government. These forms of supervision play an important role in regulating administrative law enforce-ment, promoting administration in accordance with law and build-ing a government under the rule of law. 

　　政协民主监督是具有中国特色的监督形式。中国人民政治协商会议是中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商的重要机构。人民政协主要通过召开会议、提交提案、组织委员视察、开展民主评议等形式，对宪法和法律法规的实施、重大方针政策的贯彻执行、国家机关和国家工作人员履行职责和遵纪守法等方面的情况进行监督。中国共产党各级委员会和中国各级人民政府在作出重大决策、出台重要规定前，都要征求同级人民政协和各民主党派的意见和建议。

　　司法监督包括人民法院的监督和人民检察院的监督。人民法院的监督是指上级法院对下级法院、最高人民法院对全国法院审判工作是否合法、公正的监督。人民法院还通过审理行政案件，对政府具体行政行为的合法性进行审查。人民检察院的监督，包括依法对诉讼活动的法律监督和对国家工作人员职务犯罪行为的监督。人民检察院通过对立案、侦查、审判、刑罚执行和监管活动的监督，实施对诉讼活动全过程的监督；通过查办贪污贿赂、渎职侵权等职务犯罪案件，对国家工作人员职务行为进行监督。

Supervision by the CPPCCs at all levels is a form of supervi-sion featuring Chinese characteristics. The CPPCC is an important organ of multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the CPC. The CPPCCs conduct supervision over the implementation of the Constitution, state laws and regulations, important principles and policies, and performance of duties and observation of law and discipline by state organs and state func-tionaries by means of convening meetings, submitting motions, organizing CPPCC committee members on inspection tours and holding democratic appraisals. Party committees of the CPC and people’s governments at all levels all solicit opinions and sug-gestions from the CPPCCs at corresponding levels and other democratic parties before making crucial decisions and enacting important regulations. 

Judicial supervision includes supervision by people’s courts and people’s procuratorates. Supervision by people’s courts refers to supervision over the legality and fairness of the trials of people’s courts conducted by the higher-level people’s courts on lower-level people’s courts and by the Supreme People’s Court on all people’s courts across the country. People’s courts also monitor the legality of specific administrative actions of the governments by way of reviewing administrative cases. Supervision by people’s procura-torates refers to legal supervision over litigation activities and misconduct of state functionaries. People’s procuratorates exercise full-scale supervision over litigation activities in the case registra-tion, investigation, trial, execution of penalties and management of inmates, and exercise supervision over state functionaries by way of investigating such duty-related crimes as embezzlement, bribery, dereliction of duty and infringement of others’ rights.