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《中国特色社会主义法律体系》(中英对照)III

发布时间: 2018-04-11 09:47:29   作者:译聚网   来源: 国新网   浏览次数:
摘要: 《中国特色社会主义法律体系》(中英对照),粘贴出来供大家参考。



    地方人大及其常委会积极行使地方立法职权,从地方经济社会发展实际出发,制定了大量地方性法规,对保证宪法、法律和行政法规在本行政区域内的有效实施,促进改革开放和社会主义现代化建设,发挥了重要作用。

 (二)中国特色社会主义法律体系的部门


    宪法相关法。宪法相关法是与宪法相配套、直接保障宪法实施和国家政权运作等方面的法律规范,调整国家政治关系,主要包括国家机构的产生、组织、职权和基本工作原则方面的法律,民族区域自治制度、特别行政区制度、基层群众自治制度方面的法律,维护国家主权、领土完整、国家安全、国家标志象征方面的法律,保障公民基本政治权利方面的法律。截至2011年8月底,中国已制定宪法相关法方面的法律38部和一批行政法规、地方性法规。


Local people's congresses and their standing committees, which actively exercise local legislative functions and powers, have enacted a large number of local regulations in the light of the actual conditions of local economic and social development, playing an important role in guaranteeing the effective implementation of the Constitution, laws and administrative regulations within their respective administrative regions, and promoting the reform and opening up and socialist modernization drive.

2. Branches of the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics


Laws related to the Constitution. The laws related to the Constitution are the collection of legal norms supporting the Constitution and directly guaranteeing its enforcement and the operation of state power. They regulate the political relationships of the state and mainly consist of laws in relation to the establishment, organization, functions, powers and basic working principles of state organs; laws on the system of regional ethnic autonomy, the system of special administrative regions and the primary-level self-governance; laws in relation to maintaining state sovereignty, territorial integrity, national security and national symbols; and laws in relation to guaranteeing the basic political rights of citizens. By the end of August 2011 China had enacted 38 laws related to the Constitution, as well as a number of administrative and local regulations.


    中国制定了全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会选举法、地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法等法律,建立了人民代表大会代表和国家机构领导人员选举制度,为保证人民当家作主提供了制度保障,为国家机构的产生提供了合法基础;制定了全国人民代表大会组织法、国务院组织法、人民法院组织法、人民检察院组织法等法律,建立了有关国家机构的组织、职权和权限等方面的制度;为贯彻落实“一国两制”方针,实现国家统一,制定了香港特别行政区基本法、澳门特别行政区基本法,建立了特别行政区制度,保持了香港、澳门的长期繁荣和稳定;制定了居民委员会组织法和村民委员会组织法,建立了城乡基层群众自治制度。公民依法直接行使民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督的权利,对基层组织的公共事务和公益事业实行民主自治,这成为中国最直接、最广泛的民主实践。制定了缔结条约程序法、领海及毗连区法、专属经济区和大陆架法、反分裂国家法和国旗法、国徽法等法律,建立了维护国家主权和领土完整的法律制度,捍卫了国家的根本利益;制定了集会游行示威法、国家赔偿法等法律以及民族、宗教、信访、出版、社团登记方面的行政法规,保障了公民基本政治权利。


    中国充分保障公民的选举权和被选举权。选举实行普遍、平等、直接选举和间接选举相结合以及差额选举的原则。中国宪法规定,年满18周岁的公民,不分民族、种族、性别、职业、家庭出身、宗教信仰、教育程度、财产状况、居住期限,除依法被剥夺政治权利的人外,都有选举权和被选举权。为保障公民的选举权和被选举权,根据国情和实际,中国不断修改完善选举制度,逐步实现了城乡按相同人口比例选举人大代表,并保证各地区、各民族、各方面都有适当数量的代表,实现了城乡居民选举权的完全平等。


China has formulated electoral laws related to the NPC and local people's congresses at all levels, organic laws of local people's congresses and people's governments at all levels, and developed mechanisms for the election of deputies of the people's congresses and the leadership of state organs, providing an institutional guarantee for the people's exercise of state power and a legal basis for the formation of state organs. It has enacted organic laws of the NPC, the State Council, the People's Courts and the People's Procuratorates, and established systems concerning the organization, function and power and limits of related state organs. To implement the "one country, two systems" policy and realize national reunification, it has promulgated the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions and established the system of special administrative region which has ensured the long-term prosperity and stability of Hong Kong and Macao. It has formulated organic laws governing urban residents' committees and villagers' committees for the establishment of urban and rural primary-level self-governance. In this way, citizens directly exercise the rights of democratic election, decision, administration and supervision by law, and implement democratic self-government of public and welfare affairs at the grassroots level, which have become the most direct and extensive democratic practices in the country. China has promulgated the Law on the Procedure for the Conclusion of Treaties, Law on Territorial Waters and the Contiguous Zones, Law on Exclusive Economic Zones and the Continental Shelf, Anti-Secession Law, Law on the National Flag, Law on the National Emblem, and other laws, and established a legal system which maintains state sovereignty and territorial integrity while safeguarding the fundamental interests of the country. It has enacted the Law on Assemblies, Processions and Demonstrations, Law on State Compensation, and other laws, as well as administrative regulations concerning ethnic group, religion, petition, and publication and registration of mass organizations, which guarantee the basic political rights of the citizens.


China fully protects its citizens' right to vote and stand for election. Elections follow the principles of universal suffrage and equality, and are carried out in the forms of direct, indirect and competitive elections. The Constitution stipulates that all citizens of the People's Republic of China who have reached the age of 18, except persons who have been deprived of their political rights in accordance with the law, shall have the right to vote and stand for election, regardless of ethnic status, race, sex, occupation, family background, religious belief, education, property status or length of residence. To guarantee its citizens' right to vote and stand for election, China is constantly modifying and improving the electoral system in accordance with the country's actual conditions, and has gradually realized the election of deputies to the people's congresses consonant with the proportion of the populations in urban and rural areas, and ensured that an appropriate number of representatives can appear at the NPC from all regions, ethnic groups and walks of life, realizing complete equality of the voting right of urban and rural residents.



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