until和till作为连接词引导时间状语从句,通常有两种结构,相应的翻译方法也有两种,翻译时需要注意两种译法的词序。
1. 主句为肯定句时,until或till引导的从句一般译为“直到……(为止)”或“在…… 以前”等。如:
* This sound keeps going until it hits a new layer of mud or soil.
这种声音继续传播,直到碰到新的泥层或土层。
* Until the twentieth century man used water, wood and fossil fuels as sources of power.
在20世纪以前,人们使用水、木材和矿物燃料作能源。
* The development stage lasts as long as it needs to, until the working device has been constructed and tested.
研制阶段持续的时间根据需要可长可短,直至运行装置得以建造和试验为止。
2. 如果主句为否定句,一般应译为“(直)到……后……才”或“在……以前……不” 等。如:
* Crystal making did not become a serious business until 1902.
直到1902年,晶体制造才成为一个重要的行业。
* People have no idea of what radioactivity was until Madame Curie discovered radium.
在居里夫人发现镭以前,人们并不了解放射性。
* It was not until the invention of the high-altitude rocket that the direct exploration of the upper atmosphere became possible.
直到发明了高空火箭之后,直接探索上层大气才成为可能。
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