英语翻译的语体标记
2017-08-27 09:56:21 etogether.net 网络 次
我们学了这么多年英语，尽管没有正式研究语体或文体这个概念，但我们已经对语体这个概念积累了许多感性认识。比如：在说到一个词或句子的用法时，常常会指出这个词或句子是正式的表达或非正式的表达；或者在学习某一种文体，如商务文体、报刊文体、科技文体、文学文体等吋，首先要明确每一种文体的特点，语体特点的标记包括用词、造句、语法等。
(1)下面是一段讲座的开场白，试比较：
a. Ladies and gentlemen, we take great pleasure in presenting for today's discussion on the range of appropriateness in American English two distinguished scholars in the field, first, Roger W. Shuy, the eminent sociolinguist, Director of the Sociolinguistics Program of Georgetown University.
b. Welcome to today's program, Varieties of American English -- Stylistic Differences. Your hosts are two well-known sociolinguists, Dr. Roger Shuy of Georgetown University and the Center for Applied Linguistics, and Dr. Dennis Preston, from the State Univershy of New York College of Fredonia.
c. Hello，today we're going to hear from Roger Shuy from Washington, D.C., and Dennis Preston, from Fredonia, New York, about the language change in different times and...
d. Hi, here's Roger & Dennis to talk to you about the way we use different words in different ways...
比较以上四段文字，可以发现如下区別：
a. 称呼(vocatives)由繁趋简；
b. 遣词(diction)由正式到随意；
c. 造句（sentence formation)由长到短；
d. 语法(grammar)由繁复到简单
(2)下面是图书馆的一则通知。
a. Formal version:
It has been noted with concern that the stock of books in the library has been declining alarmingly. Students are requested to remind themselves of the rules of the borrowing and returning of books, and to bear in mind the needs of other students. Penalties for overdue books will in the future be strictly enforced.
b. Less formal version:
The number of books in the library has been going down. Please make sure you know the rules for borrowing, and don't forget that the library is for everyone's convenience. So from now on, we are going to enforce the rules strictly. You have been warned!
比较分析：
上一篇：语体与翻译
下一篇：英语颜色词的翻译
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