Therefore, when interpreting it, the interpreter must include in his interpretation
• strange coincidence in the death of Kennedy and Lincoln, and
• the circumstances surrounding the two deaths exceptionally similar,
while leaving out the rest part of the paragraph by taking the details as of minor importance.
2) Recently, scientists have become increasingly concerned about pollution and its effects on weather. Actually, man's pollution of the atmosphere is not nearly as great as nature's. In fact, man is the lesser offender compared to nature itself. Specifically, active volcanoes, evaporation of impure water, and wind erosion of the landscape spew 8. 5 billion tons of chemicals into space each year. Man's contrihution consists of a mere half billion
tons. What man contributes, though, is unahle to escape very far into the atmosphere, so he must hreathe, eat, and drink his own pollutants. Further research by environmental scientists is required to determine if gradual weather changes are related to atmospheric pollution.
While hearing it, the interpreter may segment it into several sense groups:
• scientists increasingly concerned about pollution and its impact on weather,
• man - the lesser offender compared with nature itself,
• further research required to determine the relationship between weather changes and atmosphere pollution.
Based on these sense groups, the interpretation should focus on:
• Man's pollution is less than nature's, hut is more harmful,
• Study is needed into the.cause of weather changes,
• This paragraph aims at presenting facts and opinions about pollution.
As the general topic of this unit is interpretation of SPEECHES, a brief discussion may be added to our lesson. Speeches, as a rule, are of two types: impromptu and prepared. In delivering an impromptu speech, the speaker is undergoing a natural speaking process which generally contains three stages:
• Consider what to say,
• Deliver his thought by speaking it out,
• Think of what to say next.
Therefore, his speed is approximately 9000 wph, which is rightly the normal speed for public speaking. Consequently, it is possible for the interpreter to follow the speaker, both in thought and in speaking. Hence a satisfactory interpretation. However, the case is entirely different with the interpretation of a prepared speech, be it an academic essay, lecture notes or a president's inaugural address. In fact, what the speaker is doing is speech-reading at a speed of 200 wpm, about 40 times faster than the normal speed of interpretation. Furthermore, they are well prepared both in style and language. As a result, the interpreter becomes extremely exhausted and helpless, leaving his interpretation a complete fiasco and the audience at a loss. To deal with the situation, three ways might be offered:
• Try to obtain the speaker's manuscripts and translate them before hand. In this case what the interpreter needs do is reading-interpretation.
• Appeal to the speaker to read paragraph by paragraph and render the main idea of each paragraph while leaving out the details.
• Decline the task as do most of the experienced interpreters.
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