英语句式紧凑,句与句之间有大量的衔接结构。这些衔接结构是句、段、篇的逻辑纽带,是信息构筑的“关节”。正确听辨句间的逻辑线索,是理解句子以及话语的重要一歩。
然而在基础阶段的听力训练中,学生大都把注意力集中在理解单个信息上,遇到不熟悉的词或词组,会习惯性地停下来反复思考, 而往往忽视了寻找逻辑线索词,难以融会贯通地理解整个信息的意思。比如在以下两组SVO结构相似的英语句子中:
A. The economy is struggling;however, the Federal Reserve has left interest rates unchanged.
B. The economy is struggling;consequently, the Federal Reserve has left interest rates unchanged.
ー词之差,语义却截然相反。听力练习里碰到上述的例子,大部分学生都能听到划线的关键词。但往往因为漏听、误听了线索词“however”和“consequently”,无法把关键词串联起来,形成对整体信息的正确理解。如果英语句间的连接形式不常见,学生理解出错的几率就更高。所以,掌握逻辑线索是加深信息理解的关键。
英语造句注重句式的完整和与上下文的衔接,常常运用连接同、关系词、短语以及其他手段将句子连接起来,表达一定的逻辑联系和语义关系。因此,掌握英语中常见的逻辑线索标识词是正确听辨信息逻辑线索的关键。英语句子间的逻辑关系和对应的标识同主要分为以下几类:
先后次序:first of all, next,before, after,previously, simultaneously,eventually, finally
并列关系:and, too,at the same time,meanwhile, in the meantime
递进关系:also,moreover, in addition, furthermore, besides, not only, on top of that
转折关系:but, however, though, whereas, nevertheless, in fact, instead
让步关系:although,though, despite, in spite of,even though