Arson 和 House-burnt法律术语分析及英语解释
2017-08-30 09:30:08 etogether.net 网络 次
两者均与纵火焚烧房屋或财产有关。它们之间的区别在于 arson (也称为statutory arson)有两种含义：一是指普通法上规定的有意和有预谋地纵火焚烧他人住宅的犯罪，侵犯他人居住安全或占用财产之权利，称为“纵火焚宅罪”；二是指制定法上规定的有意违法纵火焚烧他人财产（其内涵大于住宅）或自己之财产（如为骗保费）之犯罪，为广义的“纵火罪”[1]。相比之下，house-burning (也称为combustio domorum)则是指有意焚烧自己的房屋，由此对他人房屋导致威胁（但并非真正造成损害）之犯罪，其属于普通法上的轻罪（misdemeanor)，该罪名于1968年被statutory burglary所取代，现只在苏格兰保留，故其为“焚宅罪”[2]。
[1]“At common law, the malicious burning of the house of another. This definition, however, has been broadened by state statutes and criminal codes. For example, the Model Penal Code，Art. 220. 1 (1), provides that a person is guilty of arson，a felony of the second degree, if he starts a fire or causes an explosion with the purpose of (a) destroying a building or occupied structure of another；or ( b) destroying or damaging any property， whether his own or another's, to collect insurance for such loss. Other situations include the destruction of property by other means； e. g. explosion. * Cf. The Publisher's Editorial Staff, Black's Law Dictionary, abridged 6th edition, at p. 73，West Publishing Co. (1991).
[2]“The common-law misdemeanor of intentionally burning one's own house that is within city limits or that is close enough to other houses that might be in danger of catching fire (although no actual damage to them results). ”Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 744, West Group (1999).
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