以下列出一些专利文献中易错的句型，供读者参考。

 

1.过渡词 

[原文]所述分体隔爆箱包括分体主腔、至少一个分体高压进线腔、和至少一个分体高压出线腔。

[译文]The split type flameproof box comprises a split type main cavity，at least one split type high - voltage wire inlet cavity and at least one split type high - voltage wire outlet cavity。

[说明]comprise是包含的意思，在英文的专利权利要求中 (尤其是美国专利的权利要求），它起到了过渡词的作用，连接着序言和主体。这样的过渡词还有consist of, include, essentially consist of, substantially comprise, contain, be composed of 等。

 

如何选用上述过渡词，主要取决于权利要求的技术特征部分是开放式的还是闭合式的。美国的专利权利要求的过渡词包括开放式的、封闭式的和半开半闭式的；而中国专利权利要求只有开放式和闭合式两种，因此在翻译时必须要注意。词语选用：

闭合式：consisting of A and B：只包括A和B，无其他；

开放式：comprising A and B：除了 A和B，还可能有C和 D等；

半开半闭式：essentially consist of A and B ：主要包括A和B;

—般来说，①由......组成，用consist of,由A, B等组成，用comprise;②本发明包括A，B,……本发明还包括C，D,用comprise ；③由.....构成，用be composed of (此词用得比较少）；④主要由......组成，用 substantially comprise/essentially consist of。

 

2.has/have the advantages o£/ that...

[原文]髙频载波的放大电路具有电路简单实用、成本低、 调试简单、抑制中心频率漂移等优点。

[译文]The high - frequency carrier wave generator of the invention has the advantages of simple structure，practical property，low cost，simple debugging and inhibiting the center frequency drift，etc.

 

[说明]表示具有……的优点时，往往会用has/have the advantages of... / ...has/have the advantages that...”，of的后面接名词或名词性短语，that后面接从句，例如：

①[原文]该产品安全有效、无毒副作用，具有丰富营养物质，可作为食品基料开发，具有广阔的市场前景。

[译文]The product has the advantages of safe，effective， non 一 toxic and no side effects, and the product also has rich nutritive materials，and can be developed as a food base material, thus having wide market prospect.

 

②[原文]本实用新型具有优点：它能在电磁炉上使用， 扩大了铝合金锅的使用范围。

[译文]The electromagnetic kettle mould device of the utility model has the advantages that the device can be used on an induction cooker and enlarges the scope of application of an aluminum alloy kettle.

 

3.“安装”和“被安装” 

[原文]本模具包括模胚、后模肉、前模肉、撑头柱，在模胚里设置前模肉、后模肉，在模胚下部设置撑头柱……

[译文]The mould device comprises a mould blank, a back mould body, a front mould body, and a brace end column, wherein the front and the back mould bodies are arranged in the mould blank； the brace end column is arranged at the lower part of the mould blank...

[说明]be equipped/provided with 一般表主动，表示“安装，设置”；be arranged/ positioned on (at, in...) —*般表被动，表示“被安装……，被设置在……”。例如：

①[原文]主腔的右侧端设有便于检修可控硅组件的维护侧板法兰，该维护侧板法兰正对着主体隔爆箱内的可控硅组件设置。

[译文]The right terminal of the main cavity is provided with a maintenance side plate flange which is convenient for overhauling the thyristor component and is plumb in the face of the thyristor component which is arranged in the main flameproof box.

 

②[原文]Support 1 is positioned so that the arms of the X cross in the region of the peak of the thoracic kyphosis 16 thus limiting an increase in the latter which would result in an increase in the cervical lordosis as well as in thoracolumbar 17 and lumbar flexion resulting in loss of the neutral spinal curves at all segments of the spine.

[译文]放置支撑装置1以便于X手“臂”跨越胸锥后凸峰位16，从而限制后者的增加，后者的增加将导致颈椎曲度的增加以及腰胸椎17和腰部弯曲的增加，导致脊柱中轴脊椎的所有部分弧度减少。 

 

下面的几例本书提供两种译文，有的原始译文是错译，有的则是译得不够好，读者通过对照原译文与改译的译文，可以对专利文献有更进一步的了解。 

 

4.多义词

[原文]A method for coating an article with a flame or heat flux protective coating layer comprising applying the composition of claim 1 to at least a portion of said article.

[译文]一种用火焰或热流防护涂层包被物品的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括将权利要求1所述的组合物应用于所述物品的至少一部分。 

[改译]一种用火焰或热流防护涂层包被物品的方法，其特征在于，该方法包括将权利要求1所述的组合物涂敷于所述物品的至少一部分。 

[说明]apply有“应用，请求，申请”等常见译法，在此处，它表示“涂敷”。在某些电学专利说明书中，apply还可以表示为“施加”，如“apply the voltage”，译为“施加电压”。在翻译这一类一词多义的单词时，要根据所属专业领域并结合说明 书进行翻译。