六、新疆历来是多种宗教并存的地区

　　中国自古以来就是多宗教的国家，除了组织性、制度性较强的几大宗教外，还存在大量的民间信仰。除了道教和民间信仰是中国土生土长的之外，其他都由国外传入。新疆地区历来也是多种宗教信仰并存，一教或两教为主、多教并存是新疆宗教格局的历史特点，交融共存是新疆宗教关系的主流。

　　VI. Multiple Religions Have Long Coexisted in Xinjiang

　　China has long been a multi-religious country. In addition to several major religions that are structured in accordance with strict religious norms, a variety of folk beliefs are also popular in China. Among these, Taoism and local folk beliefs are native to China, while all other religions were introduced from foreign countries. The history of Xinjiang shows that multiple religions have long coexisted there, with one or two predominant. The region’s religious structure is characterized by blending and coexistence.

　　新疆多种宗教并存格局形成和演变经历了漫长的历史过程。早在公元前4世纪以前，新疆流行的是原始宗教。大约公元前1世纪，佛教传入新疆地区，4世纪至10世纪，佛教进入鼎盛时期。同期，祆教流行于新疆各地。至16世纪末17世纪初，藏传佛教在北疆地区逐渐兴盛起来。道教于5世纪前后传入新疆，主要盛行于吐鲁番、哈密等地，至清代传播至新疆大部分地区并一度复兴。摩尼教和景教于6世纪相继传入新疆。10世纪至14世纪，景教随着回鹘等民族信仰而兴盛。

　　The formation and evolution of the coexistence of multiple religions in Xinjiang has been a long process:

　　• Prior to the 4th century BC, primitive religion was widespread in Xinjiang.

　　•Around the 1st century BC, Buddhism was introduced into Xinjiang.

　　•From the 4th to 10th centuries, Buddhism reached its peak, while Zoroastrianism proliferated throughout Xinjiang.

　　•During the late 16th century and early 17th century, Tibetan Buddhism thrived in northern Xinjiang.

　　•Around the 5th century, Taoism spread into Xinjiang, prevalent in Turpan and Hami areas. During the Qing Dynasty, it revived in most parts of Xinjiang.

　　•In the 6th century, Manichaeism and Nestorianism entered Xinjiang. From the 10th to 14th centuries, Nestorianism flourished as the Uighur and some other peoples converted to it.

　　9世纪末10世纪初，喀喇汗王朝接受伊斯兰教，并于10世纪中叶向信仰佛教的于阗王国发动40余年宗教战争，11世纪初攻灭于阗，强制推行伊斯兰教，结束了佛教在这个地区千余年的历史。随着伊斯兰教的不断传播，祆教、摩尼教、景教等宗教日趋衰落。14世纪中叶，东察合台汗国统治者以战争等强制手段，将伊斯兰教逐渐推行到塔里木盆地北缘、吐鲁番盆地和哈密一带。至16世纪初，新疆形成了以伊斯兰教为主要宗教、多种宗教并存的格局并延续至今，原来当地居民信仰的祆教、摩尼教、景教等逐渐消失，佛教、道教仍然存在。17世纪初，卫拉特蒙古人接受了藏传佛教。约自18世纪始，基督教、天主教、东正教相继传入新疆。

　　In the late 9th century and early 10th century, the Kara-Khanid Khanate accepted Islam. It started a 40-year-long religious war in the mid-10th century against the Buddhist Kingdom of Khotan, and conquered it in the early 11th century and imposed Islam there, putting an end to the thousand-year history of Buddhism in that region. With the expansion of Islam, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Nestorianism declined. In the mid-14th century, the rulers of the Eastern Chagatai Khanate (1348-1509) spread Islam to the northern edge of the Tarim Basin, the Turpan Basin and Hami through war and duress. By the early 16th century, many religions had coexisted in Xinjiang, with Islam predominant, Zoroastrianism, Manichaeism, and Nestorianism gone, and Buddhism and Taoism surviving. The coexistence has continued to this day in the region. In the early 17th century, the Oirat Mongols accepted Tibetan Buddhism. Beginning in the 18th century, Protestantism, Catholicism, and the Eastern Orthodox Church reached Xinjiang.

　　新疆现有伊斯兰教、佛教、道教、基督教、天主教、东正教等宗教。清真寺、教堂、寺院、道观等宗教活动场所2.48万座，宗教教职人员2.93万人。其中，清真寺2.44万座，佛教寺院59座，道教宫观1座，基督教教堂（聚会点）227个，天主教教堂（聚会点）26个，东正教教堂（聚会点）3座。

　　Xinjiang now has multiple religions, including Islam, Buddhism, Taoism, Protestantism, Catholicism, and the Eastern Orthodox Church. It has 24,800 venues for religious activities, including mosques, churches, Buddhist and Taoist temples, with 29,300 religious staff. Among these, there are 24,400 mosques, 59 Buddhist temples, 1 Taoist temple, 227 Protestant churches (or meeting grounds), 26 Catholic churches (or meeting grounds), and 3 Orthodox churches (or meeting grounds).