1. The paired procerus muscles are oriented vertically along the medial brow and produce transverse wrinkling at the nasal root. The paired corrugators are oriented obliquely from superolaterally to infreromedially to produce vertical wrinkling at the nasal root.
成对的降眉间肌沿眉的内侧纵向走行，可使鼻根部产生横向皱纹。成对的皱眉肌从上外侧向下内侧斜向走行，则使鼻根部产生纵向皱纹。
2. A lifetime of activity of forehead and upper facial musculature results in transverse forehead wrinkles, glabellar wrinkles, transverse and vertical folds at the root of the nose, a lowering of the position of the brow, and upper eyelid fullness.
由于前额和上面部肌肉的长期活动，导致产生前额的横向皱纹、眉间皱纹和鼻根部横向与纵向皱纹，眉的位置下移，上睑松弛呈虚泡状。
3. The goals of surgery are to elevate the brow to a more youthful position and remove wrinkles of the transverse forehead, glabellum, and root of the nose.
手术目的是提升垂眉，促使年轻，除去前额的横形皱纹以及眉间与鼻根部的皱纹。
4. The direct technique uses a coronal incision extending from ear to ear approximately 7 to 9 cm behind the anterior hairline.
直接技术是使用冠状切口，从一侧耳郭到另一侧耳郭，在发际线后7~9 cm做切口。
5. From this incision, a flap of skin and subcutaneous tissue is elevated in the areolar plane between the galea and the pericranium to the level of the brow, taking care to identify and preserve the supraorbital and subpratrochlear nerves.
从此切口沿帽状腱膜和骨膜之间掀起皮瓣至眉水平，操作中需注意鉴别与保护眶上神经和滑车神经。
6. The endoscopic approach allows access to the forehead and brow through small coronal incisions for release of the retaining structures of the upper face.
内镜技术是通过前额或眉部的小冠状切口把内镜送到前额和眉部并能松解面上部的老化组织结构。
7. Forehead and brow dissection are carried out under endoscopic visualization in a manner similar to the coronal technique. The procerus and corrugators are transected, and some form of fixation from browto scalp provides a lift.
在镜下，对前额和眉部的解剖方式类似于冠状技术。横断降眉间肌和皱眉肌并固定，以达到从眉到头皮的提升。
8. The endoscopic technique is useful in younger patients with fewer transverse forehead wrinkles and moderate brow ptosis.
本技术适用于前额横向皱纹较少和中度眉下垂且年龄较轻的患者。
9. Forehead and brow lifts have low complication rates. Hematomas are rare, but the procedure could conceivably cause orbital hematomas or soft tissue ischemia. Alopecia and infection are similarly uncommon.
前额和眉提升术发生并发症的概率较低。罕见血肿，但理论上此手术可导致眶部血肿或软组织缺血。脱发和感染同样少见。
10. Paralysis of the frontalis muscle is rare due to plane of dissection. Forehead numbness caused by division of either the supratrochlear or supraorbital nerves is avoided with careful dissection.
由于解剖平面有关系，额肌麻痹很少发生。通过细心的解剖可避免因眶上神经或者滑车神经损伤导致的前额麻木。
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