考题实例:Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introd
考题实例:Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above. (2000)
大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求,不断接触到新的习俗和思想,由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新。
长句 拆分 被动
考题实例:In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so. (2000)
在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中,其工业化进程及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革,持续了大约一个世纪之久,而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。
考试由于时间的限制,一般不允许有太长的句子翻译。不过,相对而言有些考题要长一些,文句结构复一些,因此翻译的杂难度也较大。请看下面一道英译汉原题。
Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判) decisions that denied victory to their team.
此题涉及被动语态、过去进行时态、定语从句以及名词的数等翻译技巧。
经过增词、转换、结构调整和句子切分,我们便可将以上3部分串在一起,得出以下译文。
参考译文:1998年世界杯被捧走以后很久,失望的球迷们还在咒骂那些有争议的裁定,这些裁定剥夺了他们所支持的球队获胜的机会。
或:1998年世界杯结束很久之后,失望的球迷们仍在咒骂那些有争议的球场裁决,这些裁决使他们心目中的强队(或:他们为之呐喊助威的球队)丧失了获胜的机会。(或:与世界杯失之交臂。)
II. 英译汉长句翻译的基本方法技巧
英译汉长句翻译的关键在于两点:一是对原文的准确理解,二是恰如其分的表达。理解阶段可分为3个步骤:1.扼要拟出全句的主要轮廓;2.辨清该句的主从结构,并根据上下文领会全句的要旨;3.找出句与句之间的从属关系,理清每句原文的意思。表达可分为2个步骤进行:1.试将每个划开的单句逐一翻译;2.将译出的句子进行调整、组合,对译文作加工润色。
最常见的长句处理方法是化整为零,分散解决。此外,还有拆译法、插入标点法、重组法等。对于译者来说,最重要的问题是怎样把握好译文的要点,安排好译文的框架结构,形成准确、通顺的译文。除了准确理解原文之外,译文的成功与否很大程度上取决于译者的母语的驾驭能力以及对翻译技巧的灵活运用。
1. 切分法
切分法为翻译英语长句的最常见的方法,将英语长句按意群切分为若干小句再逐句翻译。
1) Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.
人类把自己和其他动物区别开来。与此同时,人类还具有观察和了解周围环境的能力。他们要么适应环境,要么控制环境,或根据自身的需要改造环境。人类就这样一代代地生存下来。
2) Plastics is made from water which is a natural resource inexhaustible and available everywhere, coal which can be mined through automatic and mechanical processes at less cost and lime which can be obtained from the calcination of limestone widely present in nature.
塑料是由水、煤和石灰制成的。水是取之不尽的到处可以获得的天然资源;煤是用自动化和机械化的方法开采的,成本较低;石灰是由煅烧自然界中广泛存在的石灰石得来的。
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