在医学发展史上，外科的地位与内科相比曾经低得多。
In the history of medical science, surgery had a much lower standing compared with medicine.
虽然文艺复兴时期医学知识开始繁荣起来，但是当时的大学不向外科医生提供正规教育，因为外科工作的体力性质使之被视为一种手艺而不是一门艺术。
Although medical knowledge began to flourish during the Renaissance, universities at that time did not offer formal education to surgeons, for the manual nature of surgical work caused it to be viewed as a trade rather than an art.
此外，多数医生觉得外科与屠宰一样，毫无科学可言。
Moreover, most physicians felt that there was no more science in surgery than in butchering.
但是现在，外科在医学中的地位已不可同日而语。当代医学的发展使外科与内科联起手来，为解除痛苦和促进健康提供最佳的治疗。
But now, surgery has an incomparable standing in medical science. Advances in contemporary medicine enable surgery and medicine to join hands to provide the best care possible, relieving sufferings and promoting health.
当代医学的发展也改变了一些传统观念，促进了社会的进步。20世纪60年代节育口服避孕药发明就是一个明证。
Advances in contemporary medicine have also altered some traditional beliefs and promoted social progress. The invention of birth control pills in the 1960s is a case in point.
避孕药被认为是20世纪最具革命性的发展，对整个社会产生了影响。它把生育和性区隔开来，使女性更可靠地控制生育。
The pill is thought of as the most revolutionary development of the 20th century, which has had some effect on the society as a whole. It completely separated birth control from sex, allowing women to control their fertility more reliably.
这种自由，与妇女解放运动一起，使女性进入职业行业，并发展提升。
That freedom, along with the women's movement, allowed women to enter the workforce and to advance.
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