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英译汉四字语补遗
2017-09-11 09:43:22    etogether.net    网络    
 
笔者曾在其它场合谈到过一条英泽汉规则:明明汉语用两词语就能表达的英语词语,在汉语译文中却往往从汉语的习惯而出现了四词语,如“make waves”明明是“作浪”,但在汉语译文中看到 的却都是“兴风作浪”。这里所以旧话重提,是再补充并分析若干新收集的实例:
一、以“张口结舌”译(只须“结舌”就足以表达的Tongue-tied"
1. Two years before, at fifteen, Pat was tonguded and embarassed with girls; now he seemed to have nothing else but girls on his mind.
-- Andrew H. Greeley : The Cardinal Sins, 1981, p. 3
 
2. Africans, Indians and Arabs often speak beautifully correct, fluent and musical English, to the puzzlement and envy of the tongue-tied Japanese students.
     ——James Kirup; "New Japan Now", Modern English 
            Teachings August 1979, p . 30
 
二、以"赤手空拳”译下例中的“hare hands" 即“赤手”:
3. With their bare hands they are building an irrigation system that is catapulting the country forward from the dark ages of feudalism into modern times.
               —Class Struggle, Summer , 1978 . No. 10,p. 89
三、以“谢天谢地”译下例中的“thank heavens" 即“谢天”:
4. There is also, thank heavens , less exhortation.
             —The Economist, December 29, 1979, p. 20
四、汉语不会把下例中的“beat the shit”译作“打得屎滚”而只会译成“屎滚尿流”的吧:
5. “I always wanted to beat the shit out of that guy.”
—Andrew M. Greeley: The Cardinal Sins, 1981,p. 213
 
五、以“头重脚轻”译“top-heavy”即“头重”:
6. Our American system of government seems to some unwieldy or top-heavy.
                          —You and the Law, 1980, p. 28
 
六、以“黯然失色”译下例中的“Pale”(“黯然”)。
8. But the gains of the first Green Revolution pale beside the challenge of assuring food supplies for a global population growing at the rate of an additional billion every decade.
                                        -- Newsweek, August 16, 1982,p. SA3
 
最后,来归纳一下:
甲. 用四词语于英译汉是客观存在的翻译法之一;
乙. 但这未必是唯一可取的译法,有的只能或更宜于采用四词语,(如一至五所列各例),有的则未必要用四词语,如:例8的 “pale”就未必要译作"黯然失色”一一也可译作“逊色”;而有些四词语中,有的含有两个概念, 虽其中有一个概念是原文没有的,但由于这两个概念有特殊的、密切的联系,故虽用了四词语而不悖原意;有的则并不因用了四语而比原文多了一个概念,如译例8中 “pale" 的四词语“黯然失色”, “黯然”和“失色”是同义反复而不存在两个概念,当然也是忠实于原文“pale”的。
 
 


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